Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Italy > Rise of Fascism > Flashcards

Rise of Fascism Flashcards

1
Q

What was formed in Feb 1919 under Mussolini

A

Fasci di Combatimento

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who did the Fascia di Combatimento mainly appeal to initially

A

Trenchocracy

servicemen who fought in war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Il Popolo d’Italia changed from a socialist to what type of paper

A

“paper of combatants and producers”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who did the squadristi mainly consist of

A

demobilised soldiers

mobilised on army’s elite troops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Initially what did the Fascist manifesto demand in terms of the monarchy

A

Abolition

proclamation of Italian republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did the Fascist manifesto demand initially for workers

A

8hr working day and workers to have share of profits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What evidence is there that the authorities were more interested in quelling socialist threat than dealing with Fascists

A

PSI - FdC riots in April 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happened after the PSI - FdC riots in April 1919

A

Government doesn’t prosecute any fascists involved in asasult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many socialists died in PSI-FdC riot (April 1919)

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many votes did Fascism gain in November 1919 election

A

5,000 out of 27,000 in Milan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What % of the vote did Fascists gain 1919

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many seats did Fascists gain 1919

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why were small farmers attracted to Fascists

A

feared collectivisation and having to pay higher wages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In 1921 what % of Fascist supporters were ex-servicemen

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In 1921 what % of Fascist supporters were below voting age

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who was each squadrismo squad led by

A

a ras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name an area where the squadrismo launched violent raids / attacks

A

Tuscany

mainly northern areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many died in Fascist-socialist clashes in early 1921

A

207

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give examples of socialist organisations the squadristi raided

A

HQ’s of left-wing papers

80 trade union offices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why did Mussolini appeal to the Squadristi as leader?

A
  • offers funds
  • pro-fascist military contracts
  • skills as orator
  • depicts Fascism as national movement in Il Popolo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Mussolini do in reaction to poor 1919 election results

A

move further right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what evidence is there for the fascists moving further right after 1919

A

abandon pledges to abolish excessive war profits

announces movement opposes PSI (but not proletariat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How was the Liberal party divided

A

By factions that followed prominent politicians

e.g Giolitti, Salandra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many socialist parties were there by 1921

A

X4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When did the Fascists become a political party (PNF)

A

November 1921

26
Q

What did the PNF publish in November 1921

A

New Programme

27
Q

What did the New Programme mean? (X5)

A

Squadristi now under control of Mussolini - not provincial leaders

Lowering of farming and business taxes

Compulsory military service

Opposed to divorce / freemasonry

Privatisation of national firms

28
Q

How many seats did the PNF gain in the 1921 election

A

35

29
Q

What was significant about the 35 deputies from the PNF elected in 1921

A

all from right-wing of movement

30
Q

What did Mussolini declare in November 1921 about the Church

A

would agree to settle ‘roman question’ on terms agreeable to pope

31
Q

What was formed before May 1921 election between Giolitti and Fascists

A

Giolitti-Mussolini Pact

= national black against PSI

32
Q

What did Giolitti see Fascists as

A

“fireworks”

  • would create a lot of noise
  • left behind only dust
33
Q

How many socialist-sympathisers were killed in the lead up to the May 1921 election by squadrismo

A

100

34
Q

What action from the police did the squadrismo face as they continued violence before 1921 election

A

None

despite Giolitti calling for punishment
- many were pro-fascist sympathisers

35
Q

What type of coalition came about from the May 1921 election

A

Headed by Giolitti

coalition with PPI

36
Q

How long did the Giolitti-PPI coalition last for

A

1month

37
Q

What happened in June 1921 in terms of Italy’s PM

A

Giolitti resigned

38
Q

Why did Mussolini resign

A

Many fascists oppose signing of Pact of Pacification

39
Q

Who was offered position as head of Fascists - yet declined it

A

D’Annunzio

40
Q

What did Mussolini decide to do later with the PoP

A

abandon Fascists pledge to it

41
Q

Name an area that saw large growth of Agrarian Fascism

A

Po Valley

mainly northern / central italy

42
Q

Who merged with PNF in 1923

A

Nationalists (ANI)

43
Q

When did the ANI merge with the PNF

A

1923

44
Q

What % of the 1921 vote for Fascists was made of land owners

A

12%

45
Q

What were land owners furious with the Liberal government about

name a particular policy

A

Felt that gov. had abandoned them to deal w socialist threat

gov allows labourers to keep unused land they illegally were occupying

46
Q

What was a concern of the Liberal government for the urban petty bourgeoisie

A

inflation

post-war unemployment

47
Q

Why did Industrialists join Fascists

A

fear left-wing militancy in factories

blame liberals for not taking hard line with workers

48
Q

in 1921 what % of Italy’s students belonged to PNF

A

13%

49
Q

What elements of the PNF were workers attracted to

A

Radical elements

e.g 8hr working day

50
Q

What happened to original members as the PNF moved further left

A

many drop out

especially syndicalists

51
Q

Who banned all armed organisations

A

PM Bonomi

52
Q

In late 1922 how many members did PNF have

A

300,000

53
Q

In 1922 Fascists began to eject elected authorities - give an example where

A

Fiume / Po Delta

54
Q

Who was the PM who did not react to Fascists ejecting elected authorities

A

Facta

55
Q

When did the PSI / left launch a 24hr strike against Fascist brutality

A

July 1922

56
Q

What did the PNF seize after the left attempted a general strike in July 1922

A

Avanti! newspaper offices

57
Q

When did socialist power peak?

A

1920 (declined after)

58
Q

What % did Fascists achieve in 1921 election

A

7%

59
Q

What did the radicals within the PNF want

A

Fascist seizure of power

60
Q

Why was it easy for Mussolini to reassure key liberal politicians the PNF would act constitutionally

A

Liberals more concerned w outmanoeuvring one another

61
Q

Why was Mussolini wary of seizing power

A

risked conflict with army

who were royal to monarchy

62
Q

How did Mussolini appeal to the monarchy

A

made speech stating monarchy and fascism can coexist

Italy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions