Fascist State Flashcards
Name for the organisation that controlled adult leisure activities
Dopolavoro
Who took control of the Dopolavoro in 1927
Ministry of Economy
Who did Mussolini give control of the ONB over to in 1929? away from party control
Ministry of Education
What was the name of the cult that depicted the Duce as a powerful leader + man of the people
Cult of the Ducimo
Who was the Cult of the Ducimo based on
Ceasar
What phrase was coined in the Cult of the Ducimo
“Mussolini is always right”
Name a foreign admirer and his quote of Mussolini
British foreign secretary Chamberlain
“a wonderful man working for the greatness of his country”
What did the volume of fascist propaganda do?
Convinced many there was no alternative to Fascism
Deterred political opponents
How did fascism make sure journalists were loyal
Extra pay and government grants
What organisation was set up by the duce that gave respected jobs + large salaries to leading professors
Fascist Academy
How many were found guilty of political crimes 1927-43
4,600
How many political opponents of Fascism were killed 1922-25?
2,000
Who was the OVRA
political police
When was the OVRA set up
November 1926
What was the name for the political police?
OVRA
How many informants did the OVRA have?
100,000
e.g doctors to report mental illness
How many raids did the OVRA conduct weekly?
20,000
What method did the OVRA use that Nazis did too?
use of prison camps
Name X2 organisations that opposed Fascism
Underground Party of Communists
Justice and Liberty
What was the name of the Underground Party of Communist’s newspaper?
L’Unita
How many active supporter did the UPOC have?
7,000
Where was Justice & Liberty based?
based in Paris
What did Justice & Liberty do?
shuffled leaflets to their supporters inside Italy
After the Matteoti murder what must all newspaper editors be a member of?
Association of Fascist journalists
When were opposition newspapers closed?
1926
When was the establishment of new papers banned?
1927
Which body made pro-government public information films
Instituto Luce
What compensation was the Pope paid for giving up claim to Rome?
£30million
Who agreed to pay salaries of the clergy after the Lateran agreements?
State
When did the Pope acknowledge the Italian state for the first time in 60yrs
1929 after Lateran agreements
How did the Church view Italy’s policies in Ethiopia and Spain?
Approved of them as
“Christian Crusades”
In 1931 what did the state try to suppress which was aggravating to the Church?
Catholic Action
was a rival to Fascists youth groups
What was the concession that the state made to Catholic action?
confinded to purely religious activities
Church in response warned Fascists not to interfere w schools
e.g Catholic university of Milan
What evidence is there that the Lateran agreements were not remaining strong?
Church resisted claims Fascism was totalitarian
Broadcasted alternative news via Radio Vatican
When did Italy begin to introduce anti-semitic policies - what was the Church’s opinion?
1938
Began disputing with state
By when was the Catholic-Fascist alliance essentially over?
1939
What was Mussolini’s justification for introducing some of his anti-semitic policies
several Justice and Liberty members Jewish
Mussolini claims French resistance to Italian involvement in Spain’s civil war was because of their Jewish PM
How many Jewish students were sent out of school 1938-39?
5,600
When were Jews banned from joining the Fascist Party?
October 1938
When were Jew-nonJew marriages banned?
November 1938
Was Italian anti-semitism systematic - what was it influenced by?
Never a racial ideology or systematic persecution
Actions prompted by pressure from Hitler
What was the opinion of officials on anti-semitism?
Made little effort to enforce Laws
either shared view of Church or had connections w Jews
