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Italy > Post-War Crisis > Flashcards

Post-War Crisis Flashcards

0
Q

When was the PPI founded

A

January 1919

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1
Q

When was universal male suffrage introduced in Italy

A

December 1918

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2
Q

Who was the PM for Italy at the ToV

A

Orlando

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3
Q

Who was the foreign minister for Italy at the ToV

A

Sonnino

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4
Q

Who whipped up public opinion to expect territorial gains at ToV

A

Nationalists

Eg D’Annunzio

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5
Q

What area had not been mentioned in the ToL but was expected by Italy

A

Adriatic port of Fiume

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6
Q

When was the ToL signed

A

1915

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7
Q

What treaty did Italy receive its territorial gains in

A

Treaty of St Germain (sept 1919)

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8
Q

Apart from territorial gains what did Italy benefit from in the ToV

A

Dissolution of A-H

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9
Q

What two things was Italy promised in the ToL but did not receive in the ToV

A
  • Dalmatia

- German colonies

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10
Q

What was Wilsons reason why Italy did not receive all it asked for

A

Infringed principle of self-determination

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11
Q

Where did Fiume go to

A

Newly created Yugoslavia

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12
Q

When did D’Annunzio seize Fiume

A

September 1919

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13
Q

How many soldiers did D’Annunzio seize Fiume with

A

2000

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14
Q

Who offered no resistance when D’Annunzio seized Fiume

A

Pittaluga

Local commander of Italian troops

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15
Q

Who was PM when D’Annunzio seized Fiume

What did he do

A

Nitti

Didn’t use army against D’Annunzios troops as saw occupation was popular

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16
Q

How long was Fiume held for

A

Over a year

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17
Q

Who took over as PM from Nitti

A

Giolitti

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18
Q

What treaty did Giolitti organise which marginalised D’Annunzio

A

Treaty of Rapallo

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19
Q

Who was the ToR signed with

A

Yugoslavia

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20
Q

When was the ToR signed

A

1920

21
Q

What happened to Fiume under the ToR

A

Independent city under international control

22
Q

What did Italy receive from the ToR

A

Whole of Istria

23
Q

What did the seizure of Fiume price in terms of army loyalty?

A

The liberal regime could not take it for granted

24
Q

What did D’Annunzio and his legionaries develop as a style of punishment for opponents

A

Drinking laxative castor oil

25
Q

What was national debt in 1914 (start of war)

A

16 billion lira

26
Q

What was national debt at the end of war (1919)

A

85 billion lira

27
Q

What did the liberal government do to cover their war expenditure

A

Print more money

28
Q

By 1920 what was the lire worth in comparison to its 1914 value

A

25%

29
Q

Who benefitted from the war economy most

A

Large industrial companies

Eg fiat

30
Q

What happened to large industrial companies after war?

A

Share prices halved

X2 major munitions factories collapsed

31
Q

What was unemployment in late 1919

A

2 million

32
Q

Which PM introduced universal make suffrage

A

Orlando

33
Q

When universal make suffrage was introduced what did the electorate expand to

A

11 million

34
Q

Which government introduced the party list system which meant proportional representation

A

Nitti (1919)

35
Q

What did the advent of mass democracy mean for the Liberal party

A

More under threat from parties with resources to organise mass voter support

36
Q

What did the PSI join which signified it was dedicated to a socialist republic and dictatorship of the proletariat

A

Comintern

37
Q

What did PSI membership increase by between the start and end of war

A

X4

38
Q

When did the Pope allow Catholics to participate in national elections again

A

1918

39
Q

What was the PPI in relation to the church

A

Non-confessional

40
Q

Why did the PPI make it difficult for Liberals

A
  • didn’t make a long term alliance with any party

- made it harder for liberals to maintain catholic opinion at a period where it was needed

41
Q

When were the first elections under the new proportional representation and universal male suffrage done

A

November 1919

42
Q

After 1919 what did the Liberals need to survive in parliament

A

A coalition with either socialists or Catholics

43
Q

How many PMs between 1919 and 1922

A

X4

45
Q

What did the new electoral mass democratic system mean for mass parties

A

Able to emerge in Italian politics - however many unwilling to form lasting or cooperative coalitions

46
Q

Who was the PM who set prices on several food items?

A

Nitti

47
Q

When did Nitti set prices on several food items - angering the urban petty bourgeoise

A

1919

48
Q

Under what government was it declared that peasants could legally occupy land they had been occupying

A

Nitti

49
Q

Debt pre war (1914)

A

16bn

50
Q

Debt post war (1918)

A

85bn

51
Q

With how many soldiers did D’Annunzio take Fiume

A

2,000

Italy (14 decks)

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