Rio De Janeiro (3) Flashcards
How has Rio grown
First grew as a major industry, now through tourism
1950- central rich residents moved to the hillside with more land
Second CBD developed and shopping centres grew
1960- shanty towns grew on the outer edge of the city
Population in cities grew by nearly 50%
Where is Rio de Janeiro
South coast on the Tropic of Capricorn. On the coast, east of São Paulo
Push factors towards Rio
Land taken by MNCs Drought and famine Poverty Deforestation Long and hard hours of work Natural disasters Lack of services
Pull factors towards Rio
Jobs Follow relatives Leisure and health care facilities Education Glamorous image More money = better life More reliable source of food
Problems in Rio
1/3 of population below poverty line
3 million live in 1 room apartments
1.5 million live in shanty towns or favelas
Crime - illegal drugs
Housing is poor - favelas built in areas prone to landslides
Pollution - water and air
Traffic
What is a favela like
Lack basics: running water, electricity, heating, sewage, roads
Houses made from cardboard, corrugated metal and plastic
Fire risk is high - houses made of flammable material and are close together
Disease spreads quickly - as no drainage pipes etc
Infant mortality rates are high
Lack of education, most leave at age 11-12
Most residents came from countryside and work in the informal sector
What is the informal sector
Jobs where the work is not officially recorded
We’re are favelas built and why
On cheap land out of city centre - away from rich
On rubbish tips - where they can get materials to build the houses
On hillsides - difficult to build on
On swamps - water borne diseases thrive, drainage poor
In earthquake zones - rejected for other land use
Solving the shortage of housing - 6 ways
Self help schemes
Site and service schemes
Bulldozing
Local authority Favela Bairro project
Resettlement schemes and rural improvement schemes
Resettlement in new urban area of Barra de Tijuca
Self help schemes
Shanty towns can’t be removed so the conditions need to be improved.
Provide water taps and electricity
Authorities may help clearing rubbish
Advantages: over some years the buildings can be improved more cheaply.
Disadvantages: needs people to cooperate and what to have the conditions improved
Site and service schemes
Land is cleared for government to provide basic building materials
People form into groups and build he dwellings themselves with new taught skills.
These areas become formal and residents will have to pay rent
Bulldozing
Forcibly removing shanty town dwellers
May improve the area but doesn’t solve the problem as the people will soon move to a new Shanty town
Local authority favela Bairro project
Replacing buildings made of wood
Widening streets
Laying street pavements and pipes for water and electricity
Providing health and sport facilities and sanitation
Resettlement schemes
People are given a small plot of land and a grant. This was done to attract new people to the country, however many people just took the grant and returned back to the city
New capital was created to draw some people there, Brasilia, however that now has favelas too.
Rural improvement schemes
Providing the area with hospitals, schools, workshops, shops and public transport.
Done to hope that people don’t move back to the city
