rio 2

Question 1

How has Rio responded to air pollution and traffic congestion

Answer 1

air pollution causes around 500 deaths per year in Rio. Smog occurs in still conditions when natural mist or fog mixes with vehicle exhaust fumes and pollutants from factories.

traffic congestion is another bug problem in Rio. it happens because steep mountains limit where roads can go. the number of cars has grown due to urban growth and high crime levels mean people prefer to drive.

so, Rio decided to solve this problem by the expansion of the metro system. new toll roads so people can think of the cost of travel. making coast roads one way during rush hours.

Question 2

How has Rio responded to water pollution and found solutions

Answer 2

Guanabara bay is highly polluted
rivers are polluted by open sewers in favellas because the government has not paid for sewage pipes.
there have been oil spills from the Petrobras oil refinery. ships empty their fuel tanks in the bay.

So, 12 new sewage works have been built since 2004.
ships are fined for discharging fuel illegally
5 km of new sewage pipes have been installed

Question 3

how has Rio responded to waste pollution

Answer 3

many favelas are on steep slopes with few proper roads so the waste collection is difficult. most waste is dumped and pollutes the water system, causing diseases and encouraging rats.

so, a power plant has been set up which consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces enough electricity for 1000 homes.

Question 4

what problems come with squatter settlements in Rio

Answer 4

crime 
health
services
construction
unemployment

Question 5

describe the challenges in squatter settlements

Answer 5

crime- a high murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many favela. drug gangs dominate

health- infant mortality rates are as high as 50 per 1000. waste cannot be disposed of and builds up in the street increasing the danger of disease

services- in the non- improved favellas 12% homes have no running water, 30% have no electricity, 50% have no sewage connections

construction- houses are built with basic materials on steep slopes. heavy rain can cause landslides

unemployment- unemployment rates are as high as 20%. Average incomes may be less than £75 a month

Question 6

what improvements have the authorities made in Rio

Answer 6

paved roads
access to a water supply
improved sanitation
a cable car system- inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day
a pacifying police unit with police patrolling the community

Question 7

how have Olympics affected the favellas

Answer 7

some favellas were demolished to make way for the developments for the 2016 olympic games the small town of campo grande saw 800 new house being built

for some residents, the houses are better than the favelas
compo Grande lacks a sense of community, has no shops and is a 90 minute drive from the city centre

Question 8

has the favela barrio project been a success or a failure

Answer 8

the quality of life, mobility and employment prospects of the inhabitants have improved

however,

the Newley built infrastructure is not being maintained
residents lack skills and the resources to make repairs

more training is needed to improve literacy and employment