increasing water supply and sustainable water supply

Question 1

Water conservation

Answer 1

reduce leakages 
improve public awareness of the importance of saving water 
water meters 
prevent pollution
turn off tap when brushing teeth

Question 2

what different strategies can help to create sustainable water supplies

Answer 2

groundwater management
recycling
ways to conserve water
using greywater

Question 3

Recycling

Answer 3

water recycling involves re-using treated wastewater for purposes like irrigation and industry
in Kolkata, India, sewage water is re-used for fish farming and agriculture
some nuclear power plants- such as Arizona USA- use recycled water for cooling

Question 4

what strategies are used to increase water supply

Answer 4

diverting water and increasing storage
dams and resovoirs
desalination
water transfer

Question 5

define and describe water transfer schemes

Answer 5

schemes move water from ares of surplus to areas of deficit

Question 6

Water transfer

schemes

Answer 6

Systems of canals, pipes and dredging over long distances to transport water from one river
basin to another

Question 7

define and describe diverting water and increasing storage

Answer 7

water supplies can be artificially diverted and stored for use over long periods.

n Oklahoma, USA, rainfall is infrequent but heavy. surface water quickly evaporates. so it is collected and diverted, and stored in underlying alluvial soils

Question 8

Groundwater

management

Answer 8

groundwater is stored in underground aquifers
to ensure stability, water abstraction must be balanced by recharge
if groundwater levels fall, water can become contaminated, making expensive water treatment necessary

PGM India
training local people to monitor rainfall and groundwater levels
helping farmers to plan how much water to use for irrigation
encouraging farmers to plant crops to fit in with periods when water is available
through PMG , rural communities have balanced water supply and demand using sustainable practices

Question 9

Sustainable water

supply

Answer 9

Meeting the present day need for safe, reliable and affordable water which minimises
adverse effects on the environment whilst enabling future generations to meet their
requirements

Question 10

what are the advantages and disadvantages of Dams and Resovoirs

Answer 10

advantages of dams- they control river flow by storing water in reservoirs. the control of water flow enables it to be transported and used for irrigation. they help prevent flooding

disadvantages of dams- they are expensive. can lead to the displacement of large numbers of people. may reduce the flow of water downstream

in hot and arid regions, reservoirs can lose a lot of water through evaporation

Question 11

define and describe desalination

Answer 11

desalination means removing salt from seawater to produce fresh water.
this is a very expensive process. it is used only when there is a serious shortage of water with few alternatives to increase water supply
both Saudi Arabia and UAE have developed desalination plants

Question 12

Greywater

Answer 12

grey water is taken from bathrooms and washing machines
if used within 24 hours it contains fertilisers for plants
water from toilets cannot be used in this way
in Jordan, 70|% of the water used for irrigation and gardens is grey water