Right Realist

Question 1

Clarke

Answer 1

Rational choice theory

See crime as a decision individuals make once the costs and benefits have been weighed up

Question 2

Situational crime prevention

Answer 2

Clarke ‘reducing opportunities for crime’
1 directed at specific crimes
2 alter environment of the crime
3 increase the effort and risk of committing a crime

E.g. Target hardening
Locking doors, windows & increased surveillance

Question 3

Evaluation of situational crime prevention

Answer 3

Works to reduce crime to an extent however only leads to displacement-
Spatial- moving elsewhere to commit crime
Temporal- committing at a different time
Target- choosing a different victim
Tactical- using a different method
Functional- committing a different type of crime

Only focuses on petty crimes

Question 4

Environmental crime prevention

Answer 4

Wilson and kellings ‘broken windows’
Broken windows= signs of disorder and lack of concern

Sends out signal no one cares the police or the community
Sends the neighbourhood into decline

Question 5

Zero tolerance policing

Answer 5

1- an environmental improvement strategy
Broken windows must be repaired etc

2- police must adopt zero tolerance policing they must tackle even slight signs of disorder

Question 6

Contemporary example

Answer 6

Greenhey estate moss side
‘Design for security’
Flat fronted, small pathways, gated ally’s, hidden drains, no front walls

Make it harder for crimes to be committed

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

• left realists would point to the fact they don’t tackle wider structural causes
• they assume that offenders act rationally in choosing crimes however some crimes are impulsive or irrational
• zero tolerance policing leads to more break down with the police and communities