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S&F1 > Richardson Lectures > Flashcards

Richardson Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Principles of development

A

Differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, maturation

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2
Q

Process by which you establish the three primary germ layers

A

Gastrulation

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3
Q

Cells that will form part of the placenta

A

Trophoblast

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4
Q

Cells that will form the embryo

A

Inner cell mass

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5
Q

Forms amnion and body of the embryo

A

Epiblast

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6
Q

Forms the wall of the primitive and secondary yolksacs

A

Hypoblasts

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7
Q

Forms ; nervous system, skin epidermis, hair, glands, cornea and lens

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Forms muscles, bones, cartilage, skin dermis, heart, blood vessels and cells, kidney, gonads and reporductive tract

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

Forms the GI tract epithelium, liver, pancreas, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid, respiratory tract epithelium, and bladder

A

Endoderm

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10
Q

Other name for fallopian tube

A

Oviduct

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11
Q

Inner cell mass differentiates into

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

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12
Q

Hypoblast forms

A

Extraembryonic tissues

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13
Q

Step when the primitive streak forms

A

Gastrulation

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14
Q

Forms the spine. Also forms nucleus pulposus of the vertebral disc

A

Notochord

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15
Q

Signals the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into nervous tissue

A

Notochord

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16
Q

Only part of the notochord that remains in adults is the

A

Nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

Remnant of the primitive streak
Generally benign tumors containing tissues derived from all three germ layers
Mostly found in females

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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18
Q

Prechordal plate contributes to

A

Structures in the forebrain and oropharyngeal membrane

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19
Q

Site of the future anus

A

Cloacal membrane

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20
Q

Two places that you dont get mesoderm

A

Cloacal membrane

Oropharnygeal membrane

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21
Q

Forms a variety of structures in the head, ganglia, adrenal medulla, and melanocytes

A

Neural crest cells

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22
Q

Paraxial mesoderm forms the somites which go on to form?

A

Skeletal structure

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23
Q

Intermediate mesoderm goes to form

A

Midstreak

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24
Q

Dermatome, myotome, and sclerotome are formed from

A

Somite

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25
Q

Forms kidney, somatic part of gonad (not germ), and urinary system

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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26
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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27
Q

Cartilage of • Developing skeleton of embryo
• Epiphysial plate of growing bones
• Articular cartilage
• Respiratory tract

A

Hyaline

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28
Q

Cartilage found Ear, epiglottis and eustachian tube

A

Elastic cartilage

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29
Q 
Cartilage found in Intervertebral disks
• Meniscus	of	knee
• Mandible
• Sternoclavicular joints
• Pubic	symphysis
A

Fibrocartilage

30
Q

Elastic cartilage matrix is what collagen

A

Type 2 collagen

31
Q

Type of collagen in fibrocartilage

A

Type II and Type I

32
Q

Pattern of collagen in fibrocartilage

A

Dense regular pattern

33
Q

Organic component of bone

A

Osteoid

34
Q

Dense bone on the outside of long bones. Arranged in lamellae

A

Compact bone

35
Q

Less dense bone type. Lines marrow cavities and the ends of long bones. Arranged in trabeculae (creating more surface area)

A

Cancellous bone

36
Q

Connects haversian canals to each other

A

Volksman conal

37
Q

Runs longitudinally along the length of bone and are maintained by a single capillary

A

Haversian canal

38
Q

Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts
Squamous cells
Found lining the bone in the periosteum and endosteum

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

39
Q

Cuboidal epithelial like cells
Form new bone
Secrete osteoid and contribute to mineralization

A

Osteoblasts

40
Q

Osteoblasts that become trapped in osteoid
Reside in lacunae
Highly branched cells w/ processes connected to other osteocytes thru canaliculi
Contribute to Ca homeostasis

A

Osteocytes

41
Q

Multinucleated. Monocyte lineage
Reside in howship’s lacuna
Breakdown bone during remodeling
Respond to hormones to satisfy the body’s need for Ca.

A

Osteoclasts

42
Q

Two types of bone formation

A

Intramembranous

Endochondral

43
Q

Forms bone directly in mesenchyme. Process used to form skull, parts of mandible, and clavicle.

A

Intramembranous

44
Q

Type of bone formation that uses a cartilage template. Used to form long bones

A

Endochondral

45
Q

Reduced osteoclast activity resulting in too much bone

A

Osteopetrosis

46
Q

Too much degradationa nd not enough deposition causes weakness in bone

A

Osteoporosis

47
Q

When does establishment of placental circulation, first germ layers, and extraembryonic membranes and cavities occur?

A

week 2

48
Q

what are the germ layers formed in week 2

A

epiblast and hypoblast

49
Q

when does primitive streak form?

A

week 3

50
Q

the notochord is formed from

A

mesodermal cells anterior to the primitive node in the midline

51
Q

remnant of the primitive streak

A

sacrococcygeal teratoma

52
Q

prechordal plate contributes to structures of

A

forebrain and oral cavity

53
Q

ectoderm derivatives formed from cells at the crest of the neural fold
makes a variety of structures in the head, ganglia, adrenal medulla, and melanocytes

A

neural crest cells

54
Q

around what day does neurulation occur?

A

day 19

55
Q

when do somites begin to appear?

A

when neural tube begins to form

56
Q

how does fusion of the neural tube occur

A

both cranially and caudally

57
Q

what day is neural tube completely closed

A

day 28 (beginning of week 4)

58
Q

order of mesoderms outward from primitive node

A

paraxial, intermediate , lateral plate, extraembryonic

59
Q

organizes into paired somites adjacent to neural tube w/ development beginning cranially and somites increasing caudally

A

paraxial mesoderm

60
Q

forms urogenital structures

A

intermediate mesoderm

61
Q

primordial germ cells arise from

A

epiblast (then migrate to genetial ridge)

62
Q

2 layers of lateral plate mesoderm

A

somatic and visceral

63
Q

forms body wall, dermis of body, bones and CT of limbs and sternum and lining of intraembryonic cavity

A

somatic lateral plate mesoderm

64
Q

covers organs

A

visceral lateral plate mesoderm

65
Q

creates intraembryonic cavity and closes the wall of the gut

A

lateral folding of the intraembryonic disc

66
Q

blood islands formed by hemangioblasts appear in mesoderm of wall beginning

A

week 3

67
Q

liver is major site of hematopoeisis from

A

2 to 7 months

68
Q

stem cells in bone marrow responsible for hematopoiesis after

A

7 months

69
Q

sprouting of vessels from existing vessels

A

angiogenesis

70
Q

blood vessels derived from blood islands

A

vasculogenesis

71
Q

excessive growth of blood vessels

A

hemangiomas

S&F1 (9 decks)

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