Richard III

Question 1

Give examples when Richard showed his loyalty towards his brother

Answer 1

• Went into exile with his brother in 1470
• Stalwart ally at Barnet and Tewkesbury
• Very well rewarded and loyal in the north
• Stood by his brother when Clarence was executed
• Military skill in Scotland invasion in 1481-2

Question 2

What is important to stress when looking at Edward’s view on Gloucester in relation to his early death

Answer 2

Gloucester had shown nothing but staunch loyalty to Edward by his death in April 1483

Question 3

Where did Richard swear oaths of loyalty to Edward V?

Answer 3

Northampton, York and London

Question 4

What were all nobles trying to do after April 1483 upon Edward’s death

Answer 4

Trying to secure their position

Question 5

Which nobles in particular were trying to secure their position after Edward’s death?

Answer 5

Gloucester, Hastings, Woodvilles, Buckingham

Question 6

What are the events at Stony Stratford in April 1483?

Answer 6

Richard has Rivers and Grey arrested and takes control of Edward V. He claims Rivers killed Edward IV and committed treason

Question 7

What was Edward V’s reaction to Richard arresting Rivers?

Answer 7

He wanted him released

Question 8

What action did Richard do that shows he was trying to secure his position after Edward’s death?

Answer 8

Writing asking for troops in June

Question 9

What does Gloucester believe Edward placed in his will that motivates his actions?

Answer 9

That he was named protector

Question 10

Why were some nobles weary of Edward V?

Answer 10

He had been surrounded by Woodvilles his whole life and Woodvilles were unpopular

Question 11

Who had claims on the throne when Edward IV died in 1483?

Answer 11

Edward V
Henry Tudor
Richard of Gloucester

Question 12

Why was Edward V’s age a problem?

Answer 12

He was 12 - too young to rule immediately but too old to have a protector

Question 13

Outline the two opinions of what to with Edward V

Answer 13

Woodvilles and Woodville dominated council (Dorset and Rivers) wanted him to rule immediately. There would be a Woodville dominated Government
- Hastings, Gloucester, and Buckingham wanted an interim government with Gloucester dominating it

Question 14

What were the implications of Gloucester’s age with Gloucester trying to secure his positon

Answer 14

Even if he got protector and removed his Woodville enemies, Edward would become of age in max 4 years and Gloucester would face the consequences

Question 15

What was the problem with the power struggle and Edward’s sudden death?

Answer 15

Rivers and Edward V were in Wales, Gloucester was in the north, Hastings and Woodvilles were in London. Crisis had time to take place as people were moving towards London to try to fill the power vacuum

Question 16

Who were the main political tensions between when Edward died?

Answer 16

Hastings and Dorset, Gloucester + Hastings + Buckingham and Woodvilles

Question 17

When is Hastings executed?

Answer 17

June 13th 1483

Question 18

When does Richard take the throne?

Answer 18

July 6th 1483

Question 19

When does Buckingham and the Bishop of Bath and Wells say that Edward V is illegitimate?

Answer 19

June 25th 1483

Question 20

What did the contract that Buckingham put forward declaring Edward V’s illegitimacy state?

Answer 20

Bishop of Bath and Wells said he witnessed the betothal to Dame Eleanor Butler

Question 21

What problems did Richard face once he was on the thorne?

Answer 21

Legitimising his usurpation. First time in English history that a King had been usurped who had done nothing wrong

Question 22

Give examples of men Richard rewarded

Answer 22

Lord Howard with the Duchy of Norfolk
William Catesby got some of Hastings’ land
Buckingham recieved lands and offices in Wales and the Welsh March
Stanley was rewarded with some of Buckingham’s lands after his rebellion

Question 23

When was Buckingham’s rebellion?

Answer 23

October 1483

Question 24

What was Buckingham’s motivation (probably) for rebellion?

Answer 24

Saw Richard was on the losing side and jumped ship and maybe wanted to claim the throne for himself

Question 25

Who were mainly rebelling?

Answer 25

Gentry in the south who were loyal to Edward

Question 26

Give examples of gentry involved in the rebellion

Answer 26

Sir Thomas Bouchier, Sir William of Kent, John of Oxford, Sir William of Berkshire

Question 27

What was the bad outcome for Richard following Buckingham’s rebellion?

Answer 27

Henry Tudor gained support

Question 28

What did Henry Tudor say he would do if he became King that brought supporters to his side?

Answer 28

Marry Elizabeth of York

Question 29

What did Richard do following his realisation that he could not control the South?

Answer 29

Plant loyal northerners in positions in the south

Question 30

Give examples of northerners and where the were planted in the south

Answer 30

Sir Robert Brackenbury was given power in Essex and Kent
Sir Richard Ratcliffe was given lands in Devon
Viscount Lovell was given more lands in the Thames Valley
Stanley’s in Wales

Question 31

Was Richard’s northern plantations successful?

Answer 31

No - reopened the anti-northern feelings in the south. Those in the south did not welcome the northerners and it over-stretched Richard and his favourites in north and south

Question 32

What was the name of Richard child and when did he die?

Answer 32

Edward in Jan 1484

Question 33

Who does Richard promote instead of Northumberland as leader in the north?

Answer 33

Lincoln

Question 34

What problem did Richard have with loyalty in the south?

Answer 34

He gave away all his patronage to northerners. Southern gentry were even more anti-Richard

Question 35

When does Henry Land in Wales?

Answer 35

August 1485

Question 36

When was the battle of Bosworth?

Answer 36

22nd August 1485

Question 37

Who did not fight for Richard at Bosworth?

Answer 37

Northumberland, Stanley, Westmoreland and 0 southern gentry