Richard III Flashcards
Give examples when Richard showed his loyalty towards his brother
- Went into exile with his brother in 1470
- Stalwart ally at Barnet and Tewkesbury
- Very well rewarded and loyal in the north
- Stood by his brother when Clarence was executed
- Military skill in Scotland invasion in 1481-2
What is important to stress when looking at Edward’s view on Gloucester in relation to his early death
Gloucester had shown nothing but staunch loyalty to Edward by his death in April 1483
Where did Richard swear oaths of loyalty to Edward V?
Northampton, York and London
What were all nobles trying to do after April 1483 upon Edward’s death
Trying to secure their position
Which nobles in particular were trying to secure their position after Edward’s death?
Gloucester, Hastings, Woodvilles, Buckingham
What are the events at Stony Stratford in April 1483?
Richard has Rivers and Grey arrested and takes control of Edward V. He claims Rivers killed Edward IV and committed treason
What was Edward V’s reaction to Richard arresting Rivers?
He wanted him released
What action did Richard do that shows he was trying to secure his position after Edward’s death?
Writing asking for troops in June
What does Gloucester believe Edward placed in his will that motivates his actions?
That he was named protector
Why were some nobles weary of Edward V?
He had been surrounded by Woodvilles his whole life and Woodvilles were unpopular
Who had claims on the throne when Edward IV died in 1483?
Edward V
Henry Tudor
Richard of Gloucester
Why was Edward V’s age a problem?
He was 12 - too young to rule immediately but too old to have a protector
Outline the two opinions of what to with Edward V
Woodvilles and Woodville dominated council (Dorset and Rivers) wanted him to rule immediately. There would be a Woodville dominated Government
- Hastings, Gloucester, and Buckingham wanted an interim government with Gloucester dominating it
What were the implications of Gloucester’s age with Gloucester trying to secure his positon
Even if he got protector and removed his Woodville enemies, Edward would become of age in max 4 years and Gloucester would face the consequences
What was the problem with the power struggle and Edward’s sudden death?
Rivers and Edward V were in Wales, Gloucester was in the north, Hastings and Woodvilles were in London. Crisis had time to take place as people were moving towards London to try to fill the power vacuum
Who were the main political tensions between when Edward died?
Hastings and Dorset, Gloucester + Hastings + Buckingham and Woodvilles
When is Hastings executed?
June 13th 1483
When does Richard take the throne?
July 6th 1483
When does Buckingham and the Bishop of Bath and Wells say that Edward V is illegitimate?
June 25th 1483
What did the contract that Buckingham put forward declaring Edward V’s illegitimacy state?
Bishop of Bath and Wells said he witnessed the betothal to Dame Eleanor Butler
What problems did Richard face once he was on the thorne?
Legitimising his usurpation. First time in English history that a King had been usurped who had done nothing wrong
Give examples of men Richard rewarded
Lord Howard with the Duchy of Norfolk
William Catesby got some of Hastings’ land
Buckingham recieved lands and offices in Wales and the Welsh March
Stanley was rewarded with some of Buckingham’s lands after his rebellion
When was Buckingham’s rebellion?
October 1483
What was Buckingham’s motivation (probably) for rebellion?
Saw Richard was on the losing side and jumped ship and maybe wanted to claim the throne for himself
Who were mainly rebelling?
Gentry in the south who were loyal to Edward
Give examples of gentry involved in the rebellion
Sir Thomas Bouchier, Sir William of Kent, John of Oxford, Sir William of Berkshire
What was the bad outcome for Richard following Buckingham’s rebellion?
Henry Tudor gained support
What did Henry Tudor say he would do if he became King that brought supporters to his side?
Marry Elizabeth of York
What did Richard do following his realisation that he could not control the South?
Plant loyal northerners in positions in the south
Give examples of northerners and where the were planted in the south
Sir Robert Brackenbury was given power in Essex and Kent
Sir Richard Ratcliffe was given lands in Devon
Viscount Lovell was given more lands in the Thames Valley
Stanley’s in Wales
Was Richard’s northern plantations successful?
No - reopened the anti-northern feelings in the south. Those in the south did not welcome the northerners and it over-stretched Richard and his favourites in north and south
What was the name of Richard child and when did he die?
Edward in Jan 1484
Who does Richard promote instead of Northumberland as leader in the north?
Lincoln
What problem did Richard have with loyalty in the south?
He gave away all his patronage to northerners. Southern gentry were even more anti-Richard
When does Henry Land in Wales?
August 1485
When was the battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
Who did not fight for Richard at Bosworth?
Northumberland, Stanley, Westmoreland and 0 southern gentry
