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MONTH 5 > Rhone Valley > Flashcards

Rhone Valley Flashcards

1
Q

What is the path of the Rhône River?

A

headwaters in Switzerland to its mouth on the French Mediterranean coast

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2
Q

What is the Rhône septentrionale?

A

The Northern Rhône, a narrow band of vineyards hugging the river just south of Beaujolais, from Vienne to Valence

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3
Q

What is the Rhône méridionale?

A

The Southern Rhône, funneling outward south of Montélimar toward Avignon, near the river’s Mediterranean basin

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4
Q

When did the Southern Rhône suddenly became the center of Christian Europe?

A

In 1309, as Pope Clement V moved his court from Rome to Avignon

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5
Q

Pope Clement V’s successor, Pope John XXII, began construction of-

A

the now-ruined summer papal palace—Châteauneuf-du-Pape—and planted the surrounding vineyards

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6
Q

The Roman Catholic Popes presided in Avignon until-

A

1378, and Châteauneuf-du-Pape remained property of the papacy until 1791

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7
Q

The wine sourced from the papal vineyards—vin d’Avignon—was not bottled as Châteauneuf-du-Pape until-

A

the 19th century

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8
Q

The rules set up in the south to prevent fraud became the prototype for-

A

the Appellation Contrôlée system

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9
Q

In__ Châteauneuf-du-Pape became the first AOC (now AOP) in France

A

1936

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10
Q

While the Southern Rhône’s climate is firmly Mediterranean, the Northern Rhône is more ___

A

continental

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11
Q

Some 75 miles north of Avignon, the Northern Rhône benefits from what climatically?

A

its southerly position but experiences greater seasonal temperature shifts, more rainfall, and fewer annual hours of sunshine than the southern appellations

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12
Q

What is a defining climatic element of the Southern Rhône and Provence?

A

The cold, dry Mistral wind, which blows down from the Massif Central and affects the Northern Rhône in winter and spring

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13
Q

Although the wind is strong enough to strip the vines, it has what benefits?

A

it dries the vineyards, preventing mold and mildew from taking hold

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14
Q

What soils define much of the North?

A

Heat-retaining granitic and schistous soils

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15
Q

What, throughout the Northern Rhône, is prone to erosion?

A

Fine sand and loess topsoil, a threat partially mitigated by terrace construction

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16
Q

Near the commune of Condrieu, the thin topsoil is rich with what?

A

powdery, decomposed mica, known locally as arzelle

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17
Q

The soils become heavier with__ in the southern section of St-Joseph, Crozes-Hermitage and St-Péray

A

clay

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18
Q

The Northern Rhône wines are typically fermented and aged in what?

A

large oak foudres, although some producers are now experimenting with new barriques

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19
Q

What are the 5 Northern Rhône AOPs for Syrah?

A
  1. Hermitage
  2. Crozes-Hermitage
  3. Cornas
  4. Côte-Rôtie
  5. St-Joseph
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20
Q

In Cornas, Syrah is bottled as a ___ wine.

A

100% varietal

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21
Q

Aside from Cornas, the other Northern Rhône AOPs for Syrah allow-

A

a small percentage of white grapes to be blended (and often fermented together) with Syrah

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22
Q

In Côte-Rôtie, up to __% Viognier may be added

A

20

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23
Q

In Crozes-Hermitage and Hermitage, producers have the option of adding what to Syrah?

A

a combined total of 15% Marsanne and Roussanne

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24
Q

St-Joseph producers may add what to Syrah?

A

up to 10% Marsanne and Roussanne

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25
Q

What does Co-fermentation offer?

A

the almost counterintuitive advantage of stabilizing red wine color and moderating tannin extraction

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26
Q

Communes of Production for Hermitage/L’Ermitage?

A

Tain-l’Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, Larnage

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27
Q

Hermitage/L’Ermitage blanc and Vin de Paille (Blanc) wines must be what?

A

Marsanne and/or Roussanne

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28
Q

Min Potential Alcohol for Vin de Paille in Hermitage/L’Ermitage?

A

19.5% (12.5% acquired)

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29
Q

Describe process for Vin de Paille in Hermitage/L’Ermitage

A

grapes must be subject to drying for a min 45 days, after which they must have a min must weight of 350 g/l

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30
Q

Principal Soils of Hermitage/L’Ermitage?

A

granite with topsoils of mica, schist and gneiss

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31
Q

What are the Major Lieux-dits of Hermitage?

A 
Les Grandes Vignes
L'Hermite
Varogne
Les Vercandières
Les Bessards
Les Diognières
Les Beaumes
Le Méal
Les Murets
La Croix
Péleat
Les Rocoules
La Pierelle
Les Greffieux
Maison Blanche
L'Homme
Torras et las Garennes
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32
Q

Crozes-Hermitage blanc?

A

Marsanne and/or Roussanne

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33
Q

Principal Soil Type of Crozes-Hermitage?

A

North: Granitic slopes, similar to Hermitage
South: Alluvial soils of glacial origin

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34
Q

Principal Soil Type of Cornas?

A

granite

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35
Q

Communes of Production for Côte-Rôtie?

A

Ampuis, Saint-Cyr-sur-Rhône, Tupin-Semons

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36
Q

Principal Soil Type of Côte-Rôtie?

A

Côte Blonde (south): gneiss

Côte Brune (north): mica-schistous rock

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37
Q

__ communes are allowed to produce Saint-Joseph AOP, in both the Ardèche and Loire department

A

26

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38
Q

Primary Soil Type of Saint-Joseph?

A

schist and gneiss on granite bedrock

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39
Q

Côte-Rôtie, home to some of France’s steepest vineyards, parts of the slope, the gradient is a precipitous __° or more

A

55

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40
Q

Côte-Rôtie, the “roasted slope,” rises up a __ aspect

A

southeasterly

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41
Q

Behind the riverside town of Ampuis, Côte-Rôtie is home to ___, the largest producer in the appellation

A

E. Guigal

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42
Q

While Côte-Rôtie has grown to include other communes, the 2 slopes nearest Ampuis—the ___ and ___—are considered the heart of the AOP’s terroir

A

Côte Brune, Côte Blonde

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43
Q

Côte Blonde yields-

A

softer, alluring wines

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44
Q

Côte Brune wines are-

A

stronger and more assertive

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45
Q

__, a cru bottled as a vineyard designate by Guigal, René Rostaing and others, fetches prices that can equal those commanded by the first growths of Bordeaux

A

La Landonne

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46
Q

Rising up from the village of ___, the south-facing hill of Hermitage produces equally compelling Syrah.

A

Tain-l’Hermitage

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47
Q

What 4 producers dominate the terraced hill of Hermitage?

A 
1. the singular Jean-Louis Chave 
Négociants:
2. Delas
3. M. Chapoutier 
4. Jaboulet
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48
Q

“__,” Jaboulet’s premier wine, is named for a small hillside chapel that stands in commemoration of Gaspard de Stérimberg, the legendary Crusader-turned-hermit who lived a life of asceticism atop the hill.

A

La Chapelle

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49
Q

The chapel of Jaboulet fame, is located within the climat of __

A

L’Hermite

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50
Q

Aside from L’Hermite, name other important climats of Hermitage

A

le Méal, les Bessards, Gréffieux, Beaume and Péléat

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51
Q

Behind the hill of Hermitage are the vineyards of-

A

Crozes-Hermitage

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52
Q

The red wines of Crozes-Hermitage are generally-

A

lighter and less ageworthy, although the better wines can approach Hermitage in quality

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53
Q

The vineyards of Cornas are amongst the__ in the Northern Rhône.

A

warmest

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54
Q

The sun’s warmth is magnified by what in Cornas?

A

the naked granite soil (gore) in the vineyards, and the appellation is shielded from le mistral

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55
Q

Cornas is divided among what 4 quarters, or lieux-dits?

A
  1. Les Reynards
  2. La Côte
  3. Les Chaillot
  4. Les Mazards
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56
Q

At just over 100 ha of planted land, Cornas is -

A

physically the smallest red wine appellation of the Northern Rhône, although Hermitage is not far behind

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57
Q

Who has long been considered the standard-bearer for the traditional wines of Cornas?

A

Auguste Clape, abstaining from destemming for whole cluster fermentation and new oak barriques for the old demi-muids of the region

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58
Q

North of Cornas, __ produces variable wines.

A

St-Joseph

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59
Q

St-Joseph ’s borders have been greatly enlarged from-

A

the original delimited area near the commune of Tournon-sur-Rhône, opposite the hill of Hermitage

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60
Q

Today St-Joseph extends through__ in the north to __ in the south

A

Condrieu, St-Péray

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61
Q

Cornas and Côte-Rôtie may produce-

A

only red wine

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62
Q

Near Valence, the cool St-Péray AOP exclusively produces-

A

Marsanne and Roussanne wines, which may be made in méthode traditionelle mousseux style

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63
Q

Often but not always blended, the more delicate Roussanne adds what?

A

acidity and waxy minerality to Marsanne’s broader, oily texture and marzipan character

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64
Q

In Hermitage, producers have the traditional option of drying either Marsanne/Roussanne for what?

A

the rare dessert wine vin de paille

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65
Q

Who revived the vin de paille style?

A

Gérard Chave in the 1970s and more recently by Chapoutier

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66
Q

Condrieu AOP is a white wine appellation just south of __for the Viognier grape

A

Côte-Rôtie

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67
Q

Condrieu holds less than__ delimited hectares

A

200

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68
Q

When did Condrieu approach extinction?

A

in the 1960s, only a handful of hectares are still planted to Viognier

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69
Q

Condrieu today has experienced a small resurgence in the hands of what producers?

A

Georges Vernay, Yves Cuilleron, and André Perret

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70
Q

Describe the wines of Condrieu

A

tends toward honeyed lushness, intriguing floral aromas and rich texture; however, important stylistic decisions, such as the use of oak and the desirability of malolactic fermentation, vary widely by producer

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71
Q

Primary Soil Type of Condrieu?

A

decomposed granite

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72
Q

The Viognier wines of __ AOP, a monopole within Condrieu, enjoy historical acclaim but are perhaps more notable today for their rarity than intrinsic value.

A

Château Grillet

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73
Q

Château Grillet is often incorrectly cited as the smallest appellation in France; this distinction belongs to-

A

La Romanée in Burgundy

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74
Q

Who is the sole producer of Château Grillet?

A

Neyret-Gachet (sold to François Pinault in 2011)

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75
Q

Southeast of Valence, what 4 minor AOPs of the Northern Rhône lie on the Drôme River?

A
  1. Coteaux de Die AOP
  2. Crémant de Die AOP
  3. Clairette de Die AOP
  4. Châtillon-en-Diois AOP
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76
Q

What is the Drôme River?

A

a tributary of the Rhône

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77
Q

What is the Encépagement for Coteaux de Die AOP

A

100% Clairette

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78
Q

Crémant de Die AOP Encépagement?

A

Min. 55% Clairette, min. 10% Aligoté, 5-10% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

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79
Q

Sparkling wine requirements for Crémant de Die AOP?

A
  • Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
  • must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
  • Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure
  • Max. 15 g/l of residual sugar
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80
Q

Clairette de Die AOP provides what 2 styles of sparkling wine?

A

méthode traditionnelle and méthode Dioise ancestrale

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81
Q

While Clairette is the sole grape in the traditional method wines, the méthode Dioise ancestrale requires-

A

confusingly—a min 75% Muscat à Petit Grains

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82
Q

Describe the méthode Dioise ancestrale

A

old technique, bottled w/o dosage before fermentation has concluded, disgorged into pressurized tanks and rebottled w/o liqueur d’expédition

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83
Q

For méthode Dioise ancestrale, how much RS remains?

A

A min 35 g/l RS remains, implying demi-sec sweetness

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84
Q

Méthode traditionnelle wines of Clairette de Die AOP are what in style?

A

brut, with a max 15 g/l of RS after dosage

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85
Q

Near Die, Châtillon-en-Diois AOP is an anomaly for what?

A

Gamay-based reds and rosés and whites based on Aligoté and Chardonnay

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86
Q

The Southern Rhône accounts for about __% of all wine produced in the Rhône Valley and it is overwhelmingly devoted to__ wine

A

95, red

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87
Q

Grenache—a Spanish import—is the most-planted red grape in the south, offering what?

A

richness of body, sweet fruit, and warmth

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88
Q

In the south, Mourvèdre and Syrah constitute a significant percentage of plantings, adding what?

A

structure and depth of color to the blend

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89
Q

Cinsault provides what in southern blends?

A

finesse and freshness, and is often utilized for rosé wines as well

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90
Q

__is the last major red grape of the Southern Rhône, but acreage is on the decline

A

Carignan

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91
Q

Climate of Southern Rhone?

A

Hot summers are tempered by significant diurnal swings, and mild winters follow usually heavy autumnal rains

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92
Q

Soil of Southern Rhône in the river’s course?

A

A wealth of alluvial soils deposited over limestone subsoil

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93
Q

Soil of Southern Rhône in the river’s wake?

A

Sand, gravel, clay and larger stones have been dumped in the valley’s mounds by post-ice age glacial melt

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94
Q

In Châteauneuf-du-Pape, these deposited “pudding stones” are called-

A

galets

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95
Q

What are galets made of?

A

quartzite and smoothed by the river, they serve to store heat, releasing it to warm the vines at night

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96
Q

What are the Permitted Grape Varieties for Châteauneuf-du-Pape?

A
  1. Grenache (Noir, Gris and Blanc)
  2. Mourvèdre
  3. Syrah
  4. Cinsault
  5. Counoise
  6. Bourboulenc
  7. Roussanne
  8. Brun Argenté (Vaccarèse)
  9. Clairette (& Clairette Rosé)
  10. Muscardin
  11. Picardan
  12. Piquepoul (Noir, Gris and Blanc)
  13. Terret Noir
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97
Q

For red Châteauneuf-du-Pape, all varieties are permitted, but what must occur?

A

white and red musts need to be blended prior to vinification

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98
Q

In Châteauneuf-du-Pape, A min. 2% of the harvested grapes must be used for what?

A

table wine or discarded (râpé)

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99
Q

Maximum Yield including Râpé for Châteauneuf-du-Pape?

A

42 hl/ha

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100
Q

Château de Beaucastel Rouge is dominated by what?

A

Mourvèdre and is famously produced from a blend of every authorized variety

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101
Q

Château Rayas often releases their Châteauneuf-du-Pape Rouge as-

A

a 100% varietal Grenache

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102
Q

At __%, the required min potential alcoholic strength for Châteauneuf-du-Pape is the highest in France for dry AOP wines

A

12.5

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103
Q

In Châteauneuf-du-Pape some producers’ top-end cuvées reach what?

A

surprisingly high-alcohol wines, 15% or more

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104
Q

What does declassifying or discarding 2% of harvested grapes (le rapé) serve?

A

as a safeguard against under-ripeness

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105
Q

Who released the first estate-bottled Châteauneuf-du-Pape in 1785?

A

Château La Nerthe

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106
Q

Today, what marks all estate-bottled wines from Châteauneuf-du-Pape?

A

a papal crest embossed on the shoulder of the bottle

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107
Q

In comparison to Cornas’ 100 hectares, Châteauneuf-du-Pape has over ___.

A

3000

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108
Q

Châteauneuf-du-Pape’s soils-

A

pockets of alluvial sediment exist for gravel, calcareous clay, and sand

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109
Q

Traditional producers tend to use what for extended aging in Châteauneuf-du-Pape?

A

old oak foudres

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110
Q

What do some producers chose to do in Châteauneuf-du-Pape that creates great variation in individual bottlings of the same wine?

A

bottle a vintage from cask as it is sold

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111
Q

__ is the Southern Rhône’s largest appellation & the base designation for wines from the entire Rhône Valley

A

Côtes du Rhône AOP

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112
Q

While the Northern Rhône may release its generic Syrah–based blended wines as Côtes du Rhône, the wines issue overwhelmingly from -

A

the south, where Grenache is the principal component

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113
Q

Over 2/3s of the Rhône Valley’s wines are released as -

A

Côtes du Rhône AOP

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114
Q

Principle white varieties for Côtes du Rhône AOP blanc?

A

80% combined Marsanne, Roussanne, Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc, Clairette, and Viognier

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115
Q

Accessory Varieties for Côtes du Rhône AOP blanc?

A

Max 20% combined Piquepoul Blanc and Ugni Blanc

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116
Q

Principal Variety for Côtes du Rhône AOP Rouge?

A

Min. 40% Grenache, except for vineyards north of Montélimar

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117
Q

Complementary Varieties for Côtes du Rhône AOP Rouge?

A

Min. 15% combined Mourvèdre, and Syrah (min. 70% combined principle and complementary varieties)

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118
Q

Accessory Varieties for Côtes du Rhône AOP Rouge?

A

Brun Argenté (Vaccarèse/Camarèse), Carignan, Cinsault, Clairette Rosé, Counoise, Muscardin, Piquepoul Noir, Terret Noir; max. 10% Marselan; max. 5% combined white varieties

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119
Q

What are the white varieties allowed for Côtes du Rhône AOP Rouge?

A

Bourboulenc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Piquepoul Blanc, Clairette, Ugni Blanc, and Viognier

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120
Q

Encépagement for Côtes du Rhône AOP Rosé?

A

Same as Rouge wines, with addition of up to 20% combined white varieties

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121
Q

Producers farming less than 1.5 hectares are not required to include what?

A

the min. 15% Syrah and Mourvèdre

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122
Q

Côtes du Rhône AOP Rouge min. 15% Syrah and Mourvèdre applies after what harvest?

A

2019

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123
Q

__ AOP is a superior designation for red, white and rosé wine from a delimited area within the Southern Rhône

A

Côtes du Rhône-Villages

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124
Q

What was uprgraded to AOP status in 2010 out of the Côtes du Rhône-Villages?

A

Rasteau’s dry reds

125
Q

What was promoted to status as a geographic designation in 2012 out of the Côtes du Rhône-Villages?

A

Gadagne’s

126
Q

What current 18 communes may append their names to Côtes du Rhône-Villages?

A
  1. Cairanne
  2. Chusclan
  3. Gadagne
  4. Laudun
  5. Massif d’Uchaux
  6. Plan de Dieu
  7. Puymeras
  8. Roaix
  9. Rochegude
  10. Rousset-les-Vignes
  11. Sablet
  12. Saint-Gervais
  13. Saint-Maurice
  14. Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes
  15. Séguret
  16. Signargues
  17. Valréas
  18. Visan
127
Q

What are the principal red grapes for Côtes du Rhône-Villages?

A

Grenache, Mourvèdre, and Syrah

128
Q

What village of the Côtes du Rhône-Villages AOP only produces rouge and rosé wines?

A

Chusclan

129
Q

What villages in the Côtes du Rhône-Villages AOP only produce rouge wines?

A

Massif d’Uchaux, Signargues, Plan de Dieu and Puyméras

130
Q

What former Côtes du Rhône-Villages commune was awarded its own AOP in 1971?

A

Gigondas for red and rosé wines

131
Q

Soil of Gigondas

A

red clay alluvial soils

132
Q

Gigondas Encépagement for reds

A

Min. 90% combined Grenache (min. 50%), Syrah, and Mourvèdre (min. 15% Syrah and Mourvèdre); plus etc Rhone grapes

133
Q

Other Rhône grapes—excluding Carignan—are permitted to be present as a max__% of plantings in Gigondas

A

10

134
Q

In Gigondas, what is mandatory from 2014 harvest forward?

A

Min. 50% Grenache, Min. 15% Syrah and Mourvèdre

135
Q

In 1990,__ AOP joined Gigondas as the 2nd former Côtes du Rhône village to be promoted to full AOP status

A

Vacqueyras

136
Q

The rustic Vacqueyras wines are usually-

A

Red, although a small amount of white and rosé wine is produced

137
Q

Encépagement for Vacqueyras rouge

A

Grenache (min. 50%), Syrah and Mourvèdre (min. 20% combined Syrah and Mourvèdre), plus etc rhone grapes (max 5% whites)

138
Q

__ AOP and __ AOP joined Vacqueyras/Gigondas AOPs in 2005 and 2006, respectively

A

Beaumes-de-Venise, Vinsobres

139
Q

Beaumes-de-Venise and Vinsobres produce red wines based on-

A

a minimum 50% Grenache

140
Q

All 4 former Côtes du Rhône village communes share CNDP’s-

A

12.5% min potential alcohol for reds

141
Q

On the western shore of the Rhône, opposite CNDP, is ___ AOP

A

Lirac

142
Q

Spread over 4 communes, Lirac wines can be very similar to-

A

the Côtes du Rhône-Villages wines, and are made in red, white, and rosé versions

143
Q

What grapes are prevalent in Lirac?

A

Grenache Noir and Blanc, although the white wines may see a significant proportion of Clairette and Bourboulenc added

144
Q

Despite its sandier soils, the commune of Lirac in 1863 unwittingly served as France’s doorway to what?

A

the phylloxera incursion

145
Q

Just south of Lirac, the __ AOP is one of the only communal appellations in France exclusively dedicated to rosé wines.

A

Tavel

146
Q

Tavel rosé wines are in what style?

A

based on Grenache and dry

147
Q

Vin doux naturel, a sweet fortified wine, is found in greater quantities in Languedoc-Roussillon, but what 2 AOPs exist in the Southern Rhône?

A

Rasteau AOP and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP

148
Q

90% of the wine labeled as Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP is produced by-

A

the local co-op, the Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise

149
Q

Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise co-op sources their grapes from-

A

throughout the communes of Beaumes-de-Venis and Aubignan

150
Q

The white, red, and rosé VDN’s retain natural grape sugar through what?

A

mutage

151
Q

What is mutage?

A

pure grape spirit is added to arrest fermentation in a proportion of 5-10%

152
Q

Rasteau VDN wines may be what?

A

white, rosé, or red

153
Q

Rasteau VDN wines are based on what?

A

3 colors of Grenache: Blanc, Gris, and Noir

154
Q

What communes are eligible for the Rasteau AOP?

A

Rasteau, Cairanne, and Sablet

155
Q

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise wines vs. Rasteau?

A

MBDV are typically fresher and more aromatic, whereas Rasteau show more tawny flavors

156
Q

In 2011, vignerons in Rasteau adopted what labeling terminology est by producers of Rivesaltes in Roussillon?

A

ambré and tuilé

157
Q

What are ambré wines?

A

white VDN wines displaying a more oxidative character and subject to at least 3yrs of aging

158
Q

What are tuilé wines?

A

red VDN wines displaying a more oxidative character and subject to at least 3yrs of aging

159
Q

Fresher versions of white and red Rasteau VDN wines are now labeled-

A

blanc and grenat

160
Q

Rasteau producers may affix the term __ to wines that have matured for at least 5yrs prior to release

A

Hors d’age

161
Q

Rasteau AOP wines may also be made in what deliberately oxidative and maderized style?

A

rancio, in which the wine is left in open barrels, exposed to the ravages of sunlight and temperature

162
Q

As of 2010, dry, unfortified__ may be produced as Rasteau AOP-

A

reds, but only from fruit grown in the commune of Rasteau itself

163
Q

The Southern Rhône Valley’s northernmost appellation is-

A

Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP, located directly south of Montélimar

164
Q

Hoping to rebound sales and avoid an unsavory association with the troubled Tricastin nuclear plant, the producers of Côtes du Tricastin successfully rebranded their appellation as-

A

Grignan-les-Adhémar in 2010

165
Q

Grignan-les-Adhémar rouge/rose Encépagement?

A

Min. 70% combined Grenache (20-70%) and Syrah (30-80%)

166
Q

Grignan-les-Adhémar blanc Encépagement?

A

Min. 30% Viognier, plus Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne (no single variety may exceed 80% of the encépagement)

167
Q

Other AOPs of the Southern Rhône include-

A

Luberon AOP, Ventoux AOP and Côtes du Vivarais AOP

168
Q

Luberon, Ventoux and Côtes du Vivarais produce-

A

red, white, and rosé wines from a large complement of Rhône varietals

169
Q

To the west, ___ AOP adjoins the regions of the Southern Rhône Valley, Provence, and Languedoc

A

Costières de Nimes

170
Q

Formerly considered an appellation of Languedoc, INAO authorities transferred oversight of the Costières de Nimes AOP to officials in the Rhône Valley in __

A

2004

171
Q

Costières de Nimes produces-

A

red, white and roses

172
Q

Clairette de Bellegarde AOP, a single-commune appellation within Costières de Nimes, produces-

A

white wines from Clairette

173
Q

How does J.L Chave maintain his enviable track record of great Hermitage?

A

his ability to blend across multiple climats to create the best possible wine in any given year, he doesn’t produce single parcel “reserve” wines, believing that the blended wine is the best expression of the terroir of Hermitage

174
Q

In top vintages J.L Chave produces 200 cases of a red, barrel-selection “___” that is as expensive as it is rare

A

Ermitage Cuvée Cathelin

175
Q

What is J.L Chave’s Hermitage Blanc a blend of?

A

80-85% Marsanne, 15-20% Roussanne

176
Q

What is J.L Chave’s Hermitage Rouge a blend of?

A

Les Bessards forming the core of this blend of 7 climats

177
Q

What years was “Ermitage Cuvée Cathelin” (rouge) produced by J.L Chave?

A

1990, 1991, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2009 and 2010

178
Q

Auguste Clape’s Cornas is an assemblage of what?

A

12 parcels (average vine age 30-60 years)

179
Q

Auguste Clape’s Cornas “Renaissance” is an assemblage of what?

A

12 parcels (average vine age 12-20 years), started in 1998

180
Q

Outside of Cornas, what does Clape produce?

A

Côtes du Rhône: 100% Syrah from outside Cornas

Le Vin des Amis: VdF, declassified CDR; young vines from Cornas plus occasional Cornas press wine

181
Q

What is Jamet’s limited cuvee?

A

Côte-Rôtie “Côte Brune”: a limited cuvée from this 0.48-ha parcel, produced every year

182
Q

Jamet partially de-stems according to vintage, example?

A

warm 2009 vintage -> whole clusters, as was the much cooler 2011, but unique aspects of each led to corresponding decisions

183
Q

How long does Jamet age their wines?

A

8-22 months (maximum 20% new oak for the Côte-Rôtie; 33% new oak for “Côte Brune”)

184
Q

Thierry Allemand eliminated what from winemaking, believing that it contributed to the perception of Cornas as a rustic, aggressive wine?

A

racking and reduced the use of sulfur

185
Q

Describe Thierry Allemand’s Cornas “Reynard”

A

blend of parcels, avg vine age OVER 40yrs; usually includes old vines in Chaillots, Reynards, Le Tezier and La Geynale

186
Q

Describe Thierry Allemand’s Cornas “Chaillot”

A

blend of parcels with avge vine age UNDER 40 yrs; includes parcels in Chaillots, Le Tezier and Le Bois

187
Q

Describe Thierry Allemand’s Cornas “Sans Souffre”

A

bottling w/ no added sulfur; usually from old vines in Reynards; bears a different label than the other wines and is labeled only “Cornas”

188
Q

Inaugural vintages for Thierry Allemand’s Cornas “Chaillot” and “Reynard”?

A

in 1991 (in 1990, 2002 and 2003 the parcels were blended together and 1 bottling was made)

189
Q

Inaugural vintages for Thierry Allemand’s Cornas “Sans Souffre”?

A

1998

190
Q

Describe viniculture at Thierry Allemand

A

not de-stemmed, all pigeage done twice daily by foot, aged in either old 228L barriques, 600L demi-muids, or larger 9-hl foudres; not racked and bottled after 18-24 mos in woo

191
Q

Describe viticulture at Thierry Allemand

A

yields historically low, organic viticulture

192
Q

Who did René Rostaing marry into?

A

His wife’s father was Albert Dervieux; her uncle was Marius Gentaz, he inherited their vineyards and now have an impressive array of 20 plots across 14 lieux-dits, including old vines in some of the greatest terroirs

193
Q

Describe Rostaing’s Côte-Rôtie “Classique”

A

(now called “Cuvée Ampodium” in US): 100% Syrah from all of the lieux-dits except for La Landonne and Côte Blonde

194
Q

Describe Rostaing’s Côte-Rôtie “La Landonne”

A

100% Syrah from the old vines on La Landonne

195
Q

Describe Rostaing’s Côte-Rôtie “Côte Blonde”

A

95% Syrah, 5% Viognier from Côte Blonde

196
Q

Describe Rostaing’s Condrieu “La Bonnette”

A

from Cote Bonnette and Sainte-Agathe

197
Q

Who rescued Condrieu by internationally promoting the wines when only 8ha remained in cultivation in 1965?

A

Georges Vernay

198
Q

Describe Georges Vernay’s Condrieu “Terrasses de l’Empire”

A

produced mostly from St. Agathe; vines average 40 years

199
Q

Describe Georges Vernay’s Condrieu “Chaillées de l’Enfer”

A

from La Caille; the small terraces, or chaillées in the local dialect, were frequently referred to as “à l’enfer” or “in hell” by local vignerons

200
Q

Describe Georges Vernay’s Condrieu “Coteau du Vernon”

A

flagship bottling from the Vernon cru directly above the winery; now includes the 1960s era plantings with the estate’s oldest vines from 1936, which were planted by Georges’ father Francis

201
Q

Describe Georges Vernay’s Côte-Rôtie “Maison Rouge”

A

100% Syrah from the plot of the same name

202
Q

Describe the Vernon cru, producing Vernay’s Condrieu “Coteau du Vernon”

A

interestingly, this flagship vineyard that’s so closely identified with the estate was only purchased by the Vernays in 2000; it had been leased for the previous 3 generations

203
Q

Describe Georges Vernay’s Côte-Rôtie “Blonde du Seigneur”

A

92% Syrah, 8% Viognier

204
Q

Describe Georges Vernay red vinification

A

completely de-stemmed across the range, and see about 30% new oak

205
Q

Describe Georges Vernay white vinification

A

whole-cluster pressed, Condrieu wines fermented entirely in wood. “Terrasses de l’Empire” is fermented/aged in large, old foudres; the “Chaillées de l’Enfer” and “Coteau du Vernon” are fermented in barriques (about 25% new each year)

206
Q

Describe Graillot’s Crozes-Hermitage “La Guiraude”

A

a barrel selection, bottled only in top years, inaugural vintage in 1988

207
Q

Describe Graillot red vinifcation-

A

whole cluster fermentation, max of 10% new oak (most barrels are 228L barriques purchased used from friends in Burgundy)

208
Q

Describe Yves Cuilleron’s Condrieu “Chaillets”

A

an old vine blend from Izéras and the old vines on La Côte

Condrieu “Vertige”: from Vernon, this Condrieu sees longer aging in barrel (18 months)

209
Q

Describe Yves Cuilleron’s Condrieu “Ayguets”

A

sweet Condrieu from La Côte and Eyguets, from both overripe and botrytised grapes, depending on vintage conditions

210
Q

Yves Cuilleron also makes top wines where else?

A

Côte-Rôtie: “Bassenon”, “Madinière” & “Terres Sombres”
Saint-Joseph Blanc: “Le Lombard”, “Saint-Pierre”
Saint-Joseph Rouge: “Les Serines”

211
Q

Describe Yves Cuilleron red vinification

A

partially de-stemmed, vinified in stainless steel with frequent remontage and pigeage, and aged 18-20 months in barriques, 100% new oak for Côte-Rôtie

212
Q

Describe Yves Cuilleron white vinification

A

very ripe, waits for a small amount of botrytis to develop if the vintage allows, whole-cluster pressed, barrel-fermented in one-quarter new oak, and aged nine months in contact with the lees with frequent bâtonnage

213
Q

Domaine Pierre Gonon produces reference-point Saint-Josephs from vineyards in communes that make up the traditional heart of the AOP:

A

Mauves, Tournon and Saint-Jean-de-Muzols

214
Q

Describe Pierre Gonon viticulture

A

brother team- vines propagated by selection massale; organic viticulture (certification process underway); only 1 cuvée is generally made—no special selection wines are produced

215
Q

Describe the wines produced by Pierre Gonon

A

Saint-Joseph Blanc “Les Oliviers”: 80% Marsanne, 20% Roussanne, Saint-Joseph Rouge

216
Q

Describe Pierre Gonon’s Saint-Joseph Rouge “Vieilles Vignes”

A

very rare bottling from the 1940s Trollat plantings, made in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010 to date

217
Q

The wines brought into the United States are custom bottlings for Domaine Faury’s US importer, therefore-

A

they differ in label, name and blend from the domaine’s wines sold elsewhere

218
Q

Describe the wines of Faury

A

aromatically pure wines that rarely show oak, although new oak is used in moderation

219
Q

Describe white vinification at Faury

A

whole-cluster pressed, vinified and aged in 60-70% stainless steel and 30-40% oak (less than 10% new)

220
Q

Describe red vinification at Faury

A

partially de-stemmed, all pigeage is done 2x daily by foot, aged in a mixture of barrel sizes with the new oak percentage around 10% (barrels rotated annually to keep the wood impact minimal)

221
Q

Describe the Faury Côte-Rôtie

A

shows its % of Viognier very clearly, is a good example of how this white variety has an effect on the red blend.

222
Q

List wines of Domaine Faury

A

Saint-Joseph (white), Condrieu, Saint-Joseph (red), Saint-Joseph VV (red), Côte-Rôtie

223
Q

Describe Stéphane Ogier’s “L’Âme Sœur”

A

North of Ampuis, across the river at Seyssuel, from their vines at Le Vieux Château, a VDP but tastes like a “baby cote rotie”

224
Q

How has Stéphane Ogier changed his father’s estate?

A

expanded estate holdings, started a négociant business, modernized estate’s wines by using more new oak and less whole clusters in vinification

225
Q

Describe Ogier’s Côte-Rôtie

A

the “basic” estate Côte-Rôtie is from owned parcels (about half in northern and half in southern part of appellation)

226
Q

Aside from Côte-Rôtie, where does Ogier own parcels?

A

have purchased and leased vines in Condrieu since 2007

227
Q

Describe Ogier’s Côte-Rôtie “La Belle Hélène”

A

from Côte Rozier

228
Q

Describe Ogier’s Côte-Rôtie “Lancement”

A

from their oldest vines at the top of Lancement

229
Q

Describe vinification at Ogier

A

modern, clean, significant new oak, reds min. 80% de-stemmed, vinified in stainless steel tanks with 3-4wk maceration using pigeage & remontage, aged in barriques (10-20% new for VDP; up to 100% new for “La Belle Hélène” and “Lancement”)

230
Q

Describe Patrick Jasmin’s Côte-Rôtie

A

95% Syrah, 5% Viognier, fairly traditional

231
Q

Describe Patrick Jasmin’s Côte-Rôtie vinification

A

100% de-stemmed, vinified in concrete vats for 3wks with a submerged cap & pigeage. After pressing, the wines are aged in a mixture of barriques, demi-muids and larger barrels, (20% new), 18-22 months in oak, not filtered

232
Q

Describe Bernard Levet’s Côte-Rôtie

A

100% Syrah in traditional Côte Blonde and Côte Brune

233
Q

The Bernard Levet family have always been big believers in what?

A

the old “Petite Sérine” strain of Syrah, having never used any nursery clones in their vineyards

234
Q

What wine does Bernard Levet produce?

A

Côte-Rôtie “La Chavaroche”

Côte-Rôtie “Les Journaries”

235
Q

Describe Bernard Levet’s Côte-Rôtie “La Chavaroche”

A

cuvee started in 1983 vintage from “Chavaroche” vineyard aged for 30-36mos, ferocious and traditional

236
Q

Describe Bernard Levet’s Côte-Rôtie “Les Journaries”

A

Since 2004, cuvée drawn from old vines in “La Landonne” lieu-dit, more subtle, more elegant and “quieter” if you will than the “Chavaroche”

237
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s cuvées

A

typically based on vine age and oak treatment, modern expressions of Cornas terroir

238
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Cornas “Chailles”

A

primarily from 1985 plantings on Chaillot and Reynards, aged in older barriques 12mos, entry level

239
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Cornas Vieilles Vignes

A

from vines in the 25-80 year range, aged in older barriques,

240
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Cornas “Les Vieilles Fontaines”

A

from 1925 plantings on La Fontaine and Les Côtes, 25% aged in new barrique for 24mos

241
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Saint-Péray “Harmonie”

A

92% Marsanne, 8% Roussanne from the low section of Hongrie, tank-fermented

242
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Saint-Péray “Terres Boisées”

A

100% Marsanne from 1975 planting on Hongrie, barrel-fermented in 1/3 new oak

243
Q

Describe Alain Voge’s Saint-Péray “Fleur de Crussol”

A

100% Marsanne from 1930s plantings on La Côte and Hongrie, barrel-fermented in 1/3 new oak

244
Q

What is Guigal credited as a pioneer in?

A

bringing modern winemaking techniques to the Northern Rhône

245
Q

What does the Guigal style favor?

A

lush, ripe fruit supported by long aging in new barriques

246
Q

Describe Guigal’s “La La” bottlings and “Ex Voto”

A

(La Mouline, La Landonne and La Turque) and “Ex Voto”, all aged for 42 months in 100% new oak

247
Q

Describe Guigal’s Côte-Rôtie “Château d’Ampuis”

A

93% Syrah, 7% Viognier; from 3 lieux-dits in Côte Blonde (source of all of the Viognier) and 4 lieux-dits in Côte Brune; average vine age 40-50 years

248
Q

Describe Guigal’s Côte-Rôtie “La Mouline”

A

89% Syrah, 11% Viognier; sourced from a plot of the same name on the Côte Blonde, average vine age is 60 yrs

249
Q

Describe Guigal’s Côte-Rôtie “La Landonne”

A

100% Syrah; average vine age is 20 years

250
Q

Describe Guigal’s Côte-Rôtie “La Turque”

A

93% Syrah, 7% Viognier; sourced from an extremely steep plot on Côte Brune, planted in 1980

251
Q

Describe Guigal’s Ermitage Blanc “Ex-Voto”

A

93% Marsanne, 7% Roussanne; 90% from Murets, 10% from l’Hermite

252
Q

Describe Guigal’s Ermitage Rouge “Ex-Voto”

A

30% each Bessards and Greffieux; 20% each l’Hermite and Murets

253
Q

Describe the wines of Yves Gangloff

A

clean and modern, built his domaine from scratch in 80s, now owns parcels in Condrieu, Côte-Rôtie & St.Joseph

254
Q

Describe Yves Gangloff’s Condrieu

A

a blend from both Coteau de Chéry and Côte Bonnette, vinified/aged in 20-33% new oak

255
Q

Describe Yves Gangloff’s Côte-Rôtie “La Barbarine”

A

90% Syrah, 10% Viognier from Coteaux de Tupin, plus younger vines at Combard-Mollard, 100% de-stemmed, used barriques

256
Q

Describe Yves Gangloff’s Côte-Rôtie “la Sereine Noire”

A

100% Syrah from old vines at Combard-Mollard and Côte Rozier, partially de-stemmed, 30-65% new oak barriques

257
Q

List M.Chapoutier’s Côte-Rôtie’s

A

Côte Blonde

Côte Brune

258
Q

Name the Ermitage Blanc’s that M.Chapoutier produces

A
  • “De l’Orée”: Marsanne from oldest vines on Murets
  • “L’Hermite”: Marsanne from named vineyard; vines over 100 years old
  • “Le Méal”: Marsanne from named vineyard’s 1910 and 1940s vines
259
Q

Name the Ermitage Rouge’s that M.Chapoutier produces

A
  • “L’Hermite”: Syrah, older vines on named vineyard
  • “Le Méal”: Syrah from named vineyard’s 1910/1940s vines
  • “Les Greffieux”: Syrah from named 1940s vineyard’s
  • “Le Pavillon”: Syrah from 1910s plantings on Bessards
260
Q

Newcomer to the Rhone, they young Vincent Paris produces what?

A

full and robust examples of Cornas

261
Q

Describe Vincent Paris’ Cornas “Granit 30”

A

from younger vine parcels in multiple lieux-dits, 100% de-stemmed

262
Q

Describe Vincent Paris’ Cornas “Granit 60”

A

from the older vines on Patou and Mazards, 30-50% whole clusters

263
Q

Describe Vincent Paris’ Cornas “La Geynale”

A

from the parcel of the same name, including the vines planted in 1910, above 85% whole clusters

264
Q

Describe the approach at Franck Balthazar

A

traditional Cornas- No yeasts are added, no de-steming for older cuvees, aged exclusively in old (at least 10 years) demi-muids that the domaine purchases used

265
Q

Describe the Cornas of Franck Balthazar

A

exclusively from the old vines on Chaillot and Mazards

266
Q

Describe the Cornas “Cuvée Casmir” of Franck Balthazar

A

75% young-vine fruit, 25% from Mazards

267
Q

Describe the Côtes du Rhône of Franck Balthazar

A

100% young-vine Cornas

268
Q

Describe the ownership changes of Delas

A

1977, the Delas family sold the house to Champagne house Deutz, who then sold to Champagne’s Louis Roederer in 1993

269
Q

What brought Delas back into the conversation of the top Northern Rhône producers?

A

the arrival of winemaker Jacques Grange in 1997

270
Q

How did Jacques Grange change Delas?

A

revamped the winery: eliminated large, old cooperage in favor of barriques; installed smaller concrete fermenters to vinify parcels individually; quit using cultured yeasts, began replanting vineyards w/ selections massales to better express local terroir

271
Q

Name the Hermitage’s produced from Delas

A

“Domaine des Tourettes”, “Les Bessards”, Blanc “Marquise de la Tourette”

272
Q

Name the Côte-Rôtie’s of Delas

A

“La Landonne”, “Seigneur de Maugiron”

273
Q

Aside from Côte-Rôtie and Hermitage, what does Delas produce?

A

St.Joseph and Crozes-hermitage

274
Q

What is Aîné a reference to in Paul Jaboulet?

A

Paul Jaboulet Aîné (aîné means “older brother,” a reference to Paul)

275
Q

Paul Jaboulet Aîné stayed in the family through multiple generations until being sold when?

A

2006 to Swiss financier Jean-Jacques Frey (owner of Château La Lagune, shareholder in Billecart-Salmon, Ayala)

276
Q

Though Jaboulet owns no vines in the l’Ermite climat, they own-

A

the chapel itself since 1929

277
Q

Name the Paul Jaboulet Aîné Hermitage’s produced

A

“La Chapelle”, Blanc “La Chapelle”, Blanc “Chevalier de Stérimberg”

278
Q

Name the Crozes-Hermitage’s produced by Paul Jaboulet Aîné

A

“Domaine Thalabert”, “Domaine de Roure”, Blanc “Domaine de Roure”

279
Q

Since Caroline Frey, the new winemaker, took over at Paul Jaboulet Aîné, what is the main change?

A

stricter selection for top wines, only 2,000 cases bottled of 2009 Hermitage Rouge “La Chapelle”—roughly 1/4 the volume of the avg-quality 2000

280
Q

Gilles Robin, only started bottling his own wines, when?

A

1996

281
Q

List the Crozes-Hermitage’s produced by Syrah-fanatic Gilles Robin

A

“Papillon”, “Albéric Bouvet”, “1920”

282
Q

What Saint-Joseph does Gilles Robin produce?

A

“André Péalat”

283
Q

Describe Gilles Robin wines

A

modern, clean, fruity expressions of Syrah grown on the Crozes plain

284
Q

How did Clusel-Roch get its name?

A

Founded in 1969 by René Clusel, who retired in 1989. At that time, his son Gilbert took over with wife Brigitte—her surname, Roch, was appended to the domaine name

285
Q

Clusel-Roch has been certified organic in the vineyard since-

A

2002

286
Q

At Clusel-Roch, they are big proponents of what?

A

older selections of local Syrah known as Sérine

287
Q

What did Clusel-Roch begin in 1991?

A

their own personal nursery, selecting cuttings from their older vines with the goal of better expressing the terroir of Côte-Rôtie

288
Q

Where are Clusel-Roch’s vineyards located?

A

primarily in the northern sector, their wines display power/grip, needing significant bottle aging to show best

289
Q

Describe Clusel-Roch’s Côte-Rôtie

A

96% Syrah, 4% Viognier

290
Q

Describe Clusel-Roch’s Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places

A

100% Syrah, exclusively from old vines in named vineyard

291
Q

Describe Clusel-Roch’s Côte Rôtie La Viallière

A

95% Syrah, 5% Viognier, mostly from the oldest vines in named vineyard

292
Q

Describe Clusel-Roch’s vinification

A

partial whole clusters, no yeast additions, fined w/ egg whites, not filtered. top wines aged in barriques for 24mos, and % of new oak used today is btwn 10-30% (decreased since mid-2000s)

293
Q

Describe Clusel-Roch’s Condrieu

A

Chéry vineyard, 0.5 ha, planted in 1984/1985, vinified 1/3 in tank and 2/3 in oak

294
Q

When did the Neyret-Gachet family begin domaine-bottling?

A

Château-Grillet in 1830

295
Q

When did Neyret-Gachet sell Château-Grillet?

A

2011, to François Pinault (owner of Château Latour and Domaine d’Eugénie in Vosne-Romanée)

296
Q

How large are the holdings of Château-Grillet?

A

3.5 ha Viognier, avge vine age 40 yrs

297
Q

Soil of Château-Grillet?

A

decomposed granite sand with black mica

298
Q

Name the wines produced by Château-Grillet

A

Château-Grillet & “Pontcin”

299
Q

Describe “Pontcin” by Château-Grillet

A

100% Viognier declassified to Côtes du Rhône AOP; named for a lieu dit of Château-Grillet, 1st vintage in 2011 by new ownership group

300
Q

Describe vinifcation at Château-Grillet

A

harvested and whole-cluster pressed parcel by parcel, primary fermentation takes place in combo of tank and barrel, aged in barrel for 18mos, 20% new oak

301
Q

Jean-Michel Stephan of Côte-Rôtie is an advocate of what?

A

the methods of natural wine pioneer Jules Chauvet, his “Coteaux de Tupin” is made with no added SO2

302
Q

Jean-Michel Stephan viticulture practices?

A

admirer of old massale selections of Syrah in his turn-of-the-century vines, he has been replanting the clones in his vineyards w/ selections of Sérine from his oldest vines

303
Q

Describe Jean-Michel Stephan’s Côte-Rôtie

A

90% Syrah, 10% Viognier, blended from all parcels

304
Q

Describe Jean-Michel Stephan’s Côte-Rôtie “Coteaux de Bassenon”

A

90% Syrah, 10% Viognier from Coteaux de Semons

305
Q

Describe Jean-Michel Stephan’s Côte-Rôtie “Coteaux de Tupin”

A

100% Syrah from the old Sérine vines on Coteaux de Tupin

306
Q

Describe Jean-Michel Stephan’s Côte-Rôtie “Vieille Vigne en Coteaux”

A

90% Syrah, 10% Viognier; fro 1896 and 1902 plantings exclusively and only produced in best vintages

307
Q

Describe the unusual vinification of Jean-Michel Stephan’s Côte-Rôtie “Coteaux de Tupin”

A

made following the carbonic maceration method of Jules Chauvet: grapes chilled, then kept in closed tank filled with CO2 where they undergo a slow warming and intracellular fermentation. The last few days of primary fermentation see a few pigeages to finish

308
Q

Overall, describe the wines of Jean-Michel Stephan

A

can show some of the variability of many “natural” wines, the quality of the terroir usually shines through the “funkier” characters of natural winemaking

MONTH 5 (13 decks)

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