Portugal Flashcards
1
Q
Portugal ranks as the world’s __th largest producer of wine; the country is _th in the world in per capita consumption
A
11, 7
2
Q
In 1678, two Englishmen arrived in Lamego, a mountain town in the Douro Valley, and discovered what?
A
Porto (Port), a sweet, fortified vinous concoction produced at a local monastery, the abbot of Lamego
3
Q
Between 1758 and 1761, the 335 best vineyards were classified as what?
A
feitoria and marked with stones, signifying fruit reserved for the English market. Lesser vineyards (rama) provided domestic wines.
4
Q
What government-run organization now manages the Port appellation and its regulations?
A
Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)
5
Q
Historically, ___—wines that had undergone the torna viagem (round trip) across the Atlantic, or to the East Indies and back—sold for much higher prices than ___, the wines that matured on the island
A
Vinhos ao Roda, Vinhos Canteiro
6
Q
What process began to replace the lengthy voyage in the early 1800s for Madeira?
A
the estufagem process
7
Q
Portugal remains one of the foremost suppliers of what for the wine industry?
A
cork closures
8
Q
In the early 20th century, Portugal moved to protect its wine-producing regions, establishing what?
A
Região Demarcada status for Madeira, Dão, Vinho Verde, and other areas by 1929
9
Q
What was founded in 1937, revamping the Portuguese wine industry and consolidating small vineyards into a network of larger co-operatives?
A
the Junta Nacional do Vinhos
10
Q
Alongside Port, two commercial brands of sweet, semi-sparkling rosé—__ and ___—became the face of Portuguese wine worldwide after World War II.
A
Mateus and Lancers
11
Q
Portugal finally began to transition to democracy when?
A
with a left-leaning military coup in 1974, followed by its admission into the EU in 1986
12
Q
With EU membership, how did Portugal change?
A
co-operatives lost their monopolistic power, govt grants and foreign investment began to pour into the country
13
Q
To maintain eligibility for protection in the EU, Portugal has broadly reclassified its quality wines as what?
A
either Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP) or Indicação Geogràfica Protegida (IGP)
14
Q
As of 2011, what are the 14 IGPs in Portugal?
A
- Minho
- Transmontano
- Duriense
- Terras do Dão
- Terras de Cister
- Terras da Beira
- Beira Atlântico
- Tejo
- Lisboa
- Alentejano
- Península de Setúbal
- Algarve
- Terras Madeirenses
- Açores
15
Q
What are often produced in DOP regions, but fail—or their winemakers choose not—to meet all of the DOP requirements?
A
IGP or VR wines
16
Q
If produced as vintage-dated DOP or IGP, Portuguese table wines may be labeled as garrafeira, indicating what?
A
“private wine cellar”, indicating a minimum period of aging prior to release
17
Q
Tinto (red) garrafeira wines must age for what?
A
a min 30 mos, (12 in bottle)
18
Q
Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines must age for what?
A
a min 12 mos, (6 in bottle)
19
Q
The vintage garrafeira Port style as pioneered by Niepoort means what, instead?
A
after aging in barrels, the Port is matured for a period of at least 8yrs in glass demijohns
20
Q
Still wines may be labeled Reserva with what?
A
0.5% higher than the legal min alcohol
21
Q
For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva instead indicates what?
A
a min period of 12 mos on the lees prior to dégorgement
22
Q
Colheita Seleccionada indicates what?
A
a min 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation
23
Q
What is the most widely grown red casta?
A
Castelão, an adaptable varietal producing typically full-bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red-fruit aromas
24
Q
What is “casta”?
A
grape variety
25
Who began bottling Castelão under the “Periquita” brand?
J.M. da Fonseca, whose sister company produced the hugely popular mid-20th century brand Lancers, brought the Castelão grape from Tejo to Terras do Sado
26
What is Terras do Sado now?
Península de Setúbal
27
J.M. da Fonseca contests that anyone else can use what?
“Periquita” moniker as a synonym for Castelão
28
Although Castelão enjoys the most widespread cultivation, ___ is perhaps Portugal’s finest red casta
Touriga Nacional
29
Touriga Nacional produces what types of wines?
inky, full-bodied, structured wines
30
Despite originating in the Dão, Touriga Nacional has been supplanted by ____ in plantings in the region, and it only represents a small proportion of the Douro’s total acreage.
Jaen (Mencía)
31
What are synonyms for Touriga Nacional
Bical Tinto and Mortágua Preto
32
What are other widely cultivated, promising red grape varietals in Portugal?
Alfrocheiro, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela), Baga, and Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/Tempranillo)
33
What is the most planted white casta in the country?
Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada
34
Describe Fernão Pires
workhorse, early-ripening, aromatic grape, simple, makes honeyed wines that are often prone to oxidation and low acidity
35
Where is Fernão Pires concentrated?
throughout Portugal, but it is concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of Tejo
36
Nobler white wines are produced from what grape in the Dão?
Encruzado grape
37
Describe Encruzado
a balanced grape yielding floral and citrusy wines that gain complex nutty, resinous aromas with age
38
___, one of Portugal’s oldest indigenous varietals, produces lively, mineral-tinged whites
Arinto
39
Where is Arinto grown?
throughout the country, its most striking examples issue from the coastal regions, and from Bucelas in particular
40
The aromatic, tropical ___ is one of the most important white grapes in Alentejano
Antão Vaz
41
___ is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde
Alvarinho (Spain’s Albariño)
42
One of Portugal's most thrilling indigenous white varieties is__, a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira
Sercial
43
Sercial is also known as what?
Esgana Cão—the “dog strangler"—on the mainland
44
Cercial (genetically distinct from Sercial) is used where?
in Dão, Douro and Bairrada blends
45
Located in the northwestern corner of the country, what share exact geographical boundaries?
the Minho IGP and Vinho Verde DOP
46
Describe the climate of the Minho IGP and Vinho Verde DOP
cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate prevails
47
What can be a problem in Minho and Vinho Verde?
grey rot during the damp growing season
48
Vines in the Minho and Vinho Verde have traditionally been trained in what method?
high off the ground in a system called enforcado
49
What are the benefits of "enforcado"?
probability of fungal disease in the wet climate is lessened, and other crops are grown beneath the grapes in the densely farmed region
50
Enforcado today?
the method has been displaced by more modern trellising systems, fewer than 10% of vines are today trained in this fashion
51
What is Vindo Verde a reference to?
“green wine,” a reference to the wines’ youthful freshness and the verdant countryside
52
What is Vinho Verde in Portugal?
the largest DOP in Portugal and represents 15% of the nation’s total vineyard acreage
53
How many ha are under vine in Vinho Verde?
nearly 60,000 hectares
54
What are the borders of Vinho Verde?
northward from the city of Oporto to the Spanish border (the Minho River)
55
What region does Vinho Verde share lush landscape features and some grape varietals with?
Rías Baixas, to the north
56
What are the soils/aspect of Vinho Verde?
Gentle slopes of shallow granitic soils are predominant, although steeper, terraced vineyards are common in the mountains further inland
57
What is Vinho Verde's most heavily planted white grape?
Loureiro (the primary component of traditional Vinho Verde blends)
58
Name other white grapes used in Vinho Verde
Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and Albariño/Alvarinho
59
Alvarinho is chiefly bottled as a varietal wine, where?
near the northern town of Monção, situated directly across the Minho River from Rías Baixas' Condado do Tea region
60
What remains a bright spot for quality in Vinho Verde, which is driven by high yields and mass production?
Monção e Melgaço Alvarinho
61
Red and Rosato wines are produced in Vinho Verde/Minho from what?
Vinhão (a teinturier grape), Espadeiro, Borraçal, and Alvarelhão
62
Why are the Vinho Verde wines usually slightly sparkling?
carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling
63
The red wines are also pétillant in Vinho Verde, from what?
malolactic fermentation in bottle, (usually avoided for whites)
64
___ IGP is located to the east of Minho along the Spanish border to the north of Duriense
Transmontano
65
Within the Transmontano region, what are the 3 non-contiguous subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?
1. Chaves
2. Valpaços
3. Planalto Mirandés
66
What is the climate of Transmontano?
dry, hot, and mountainous
67
What are the wines of Transmontano like?
ripe, full-bodied, although the cooler, higher-altitude vineyards can preserve acidity
68
What are important red grapes of Transmontano?
Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa and Trincadeira
69
What are the most planted white grapes of Transmontano?
Fernão Pires, Síria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina and Rabigato
70
Douro and Porto were once included in the Transmontano, prior to what?
the creation of the Duriense IGP
71
The Duriense IGP is a slender region that encompasses what?
the eastern, mountainous Douro River Valley south of Transmontano
72
What DOPs are included in Duriense IGP?
Douro and Porto
73
The Douro is Portugal’s first what?
demarcated wine region—one of the first such appellations recognized in Europe—and a UNESCO World Heritage Site
74
The Douro river and its tributaries carve deep valleys through what?
the granite Marão and Montemuro Mountains
75
Where are the vineyards located in the Douro?
from the riverside up the terraced, precipitous slopes
76
What is the preferred soil type for Port?
Schist, is in abundance throughout the zone, often broken up by the actions of man
77
The Douro Valley experiences what climate?
a continental climate of severely hot summers and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing
78
The Douro's craggy mountains act as what?
barriers to the humid Atlantic winds
79
The Douro becomes progressively __ toward the Spanish border
drier
80
What are the 3 subzones in Douro?
1. Baixo Corgo
2. Cima Corgo
3. Douro Superior
81
Describe Baixo Corgo
to the west has the highest density of plantings
82
Describe Cima Corgo
has the highest total vineyard acreage
83
Describe Douro Superior
stretches to the Spanish border, is the largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted region in Douro
84
Table wines and the occasional licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro are produced as what?
Douro DOP
85
What is released as Porto DOP?
Fortified Port from the Douro region
86
Approximately 50% of the Douro's wine is released as __
Porto
87
Douro table wines may be-
red, white, or rosado
88
Douro's best reds are produced from-
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, and Tinta Barroca
89
Douro's best whites are produced from-
Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio
90
What is used for the Douro's fortified Moscatel wines?
Moscatel Galego
91
Douro's fortified Moscatel wines may carry-
an age designation in the manner of tawny Port
92
In the Douro, reserva wines must achieve-
a min alcohol of 11.5% (white/rosado) or 12% (reds)
93
What are the standard min alcohol levels for Douro?
10.5% (white/rosado) or 11% (red)
94
Aging for Douro Reserva whites/reds?
White- 6mos, Red- 1yr
95
The__ must certify all Douro wines;
IVDP
96
Douro wines that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term-
grande reserva
97
What also may be produced as Douro DOP?
Espumanto do Douro (sparkling wines) & Colheita Tardia (late harvest wines)
98
The Minho region separates the__ DOP from seaside ___
Douro, Oporto (Porto)
99
The major port houses have historically used the port city as what?
a commercial nexus for the trade
100
In the past, the houses would transport Port casks in Barco Rabelo ships from Pinhão in the Cima Corgo to-
downriver to Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto for maturation in their lodges
101
Until 1986, when membership in the EU disrupted the monopolistic demands of the Port trade, all Port wines were required by law to-
be aged and shipped from Vila Nova de Gaia
102
Since the 1986 restrictions were lifted, what has happened?
a new generation of small quintas can now produce and ship Port and table wines from their premises in the Douro.
103
The 1990s witnessed the birth of what?
a number of smaller estates in the Douro
104
The larger Port houses and shippers are responsible for establishing-
the phenomenon of dry Douro table wines
105
Ferreira, a house now under the ownership of Sogrape, launched-
Barca Velha in 1952, pioneering the dry Douro table wine style
106
What Port houses are at the forefront of the table wine revolution?
Niepoort, Quinta do Crasto and Ramos Pinto
107
What 270-hectare Douro Superior estate has established itself as one of the region’s young cult stars?
Quinta do Vale Meão, formerly the primary source of fruit for Barca Velha
108
What lies south of Duriense and Minho?
The traditional province of Beiras
109
What does Beiras span?
the entire width of Portugal, from the fertile littoral coast to the mountainous interior
110
Until early 2011, a single IGP represented Beiras, now there are what 4 IGPs?
1. Terras do Dão
2. Terras de Cister
3. Terras da Beira
4. Beira Atlântico
111
Where do Dão DOP and Lafões DOP lie?
within the newly unveiled Terras do Dão IGP
112
What does Terras do Dão IGP border?
Minho IGP to the north and claims a large swath of the central, inland territory formerly assigned to Beiras IGP
113
Bairrada DOP is located within-
Beira Atlântico IGP
114
What is the one designated subzone of coastal Beira Atlântico?
Terras do Sicó
115
What is a center of sparkling wine production immediately south of the Douro River and north of Terras do Dão?
Távora-Varosa DOP
116
Távora-Varosa DOP is located within-
the Terras de Cister IGP, the "land of the Cistercians," another reminder of the medieval Church's influence in spreading the vine.
117
___ DOP is a larger appellation near the Spanish border, within the Terras da Beira IGP
Beira Interior
118
Despite its size, Beira Interior DOP has relatively few-
growers, and much of the winemaking is performed by co-ops
119
What are Beira Interior's 3 subzones?
1. Beira Castelo Rodrigo
2. Cova da Beira
3. Pinhel
120
Some of Portugal’s best dry reds are produced in-
Dão DOP
121
Criticized in the past for a lack of fruit, Dão’s producers have worked to emphasize-
freshness and fragrance from the 1990s forward
122
Although it has been eclipsed in volume of acreage, __ is a signature component of Dão blends
Touriga Nacional
123
Dão vs. Douro wines?
typically more elegant, sharper, and more floral
124
Describe the formations that protect the Dão
Sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, partially protected from harsh winds of the continental interior, yet insulated from the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast
125
Climate of Dão
hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months
126
Where are the best Dão vineyards?
between 400-500 meters above sea level, (Altitude helps to preserve acidity), where the preferred granitic soils are in abundance
127
The Dão is not densely planted: approximately _% of the total region is utilized for viticulture
5
128
What are the 7 subregions of the Dão?
1. Serra da Estrela (named for Portugal’s highest mountain range)
2. Alva
3. Besteiros
4. Castendo
5. Silgueiros
6. Terras de Azurara
7. Terras de Senhorim
129
Dão wines may be-
red, white, rosado or espumante
130
Red wines account for over __ of the total Dão output
3/4
131
What are the recommended red grapes in the Dão?
Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, and Tinta Cão
132
What are the recommended white grapes in the Dão?
Encruzado, Bical, and Cercial
133
In the Dão, certain experimental grapes, such as CS and Sémillon, can be utilized but may not comprise-
more than 40% of a blend
134
Dão producers may label their wines as garrafeira according to the standard aging regimen, but the minimum abv is increased to-
11.5% (from 11%)
135
Red Dão wines may be labeled as reserva with-
2yrs of aging
136
White Dão wines may be labeled as reserva with-
6mos aging
137
Describe Red "nobre" wine requirements in the Dão
- min 15% Touriga Nacional, max 85% of Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, and Aragonez
- min 3yrs aging
- min 12% alcohol
138
Describe White "nobre" wine requirements in the Dão
- min 15% Encruzado, max 85% of Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, and Verdelho
- 1yr aging
- min 11.5% alcohol
139
Dão Nobre wines may also labeled as reserva or garrafeira with-
additional aging and an extra half-degree of min alcohol
140
Dão Nobre reserva reds are aged for-
42 months
141
Dão Nobre reserva whites are aged for-
one year
142
Dão red nobre garrafeira wines require _ months aging
48 (18 in bottle)
143
Dão white nobre garrafeira wines require _ months aging
18 (9 in bottle)
144
Like Dão, Bairrada predominantly produces-
red wines, although white and rosado wines are authorized
145
To the west of Dão, __ DOP experiences a milder, rainier climate.
Bairrada
146
What is the main red grape of Bairrada DOP?
The late-ripening, notoriously astringent Baga
147
Where does Baga thrive in Bairrada?
in the barros (clay) soils
148
What white grapes thrive in Bairrada?
Maria Gomes and Arinto, usually planted in sandier soils
149
Bairrada DOP red cepage?
min 50% of Baga, blended with Touriga Nacional, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, and Alfrocheiro
150
What new wave of experimentation has occured in Bairrada DOP?
the incursion of many international varietals
151
Bairrada winemakers who remain faithful to the native grapes (and provide a min 12.5% abv, rather than the 11% required by the DOP) earn the right to-
label their wines as Bairrada Clássico
152
The coastal Lisboa IGP runs southward from Beiras to-
Portugal’s capital city, where the Tagus River meets the Atlantic Ocean
153
What are Lisboa's 9 individual DOPs?
1. Bucelas
2. Colares
3. Carcavelos
4. Arruda
5. Torres Vedras
6. Alenquer
7. Óbidos
8. Lourinhã
9. Encostas de Aire
154
Encostas de Aire overlaps-
Alta Estremadura and Estremadura
155
What are Alta Estremadura and Estremadura?
subzones of the northern half of Lisboa IGP
156
Lisboa releases a larger volume of wine than any other in Portugal but-
has long carried a reputation of low quality, dominated by co-operatives and Vinhos de Mesa production
157
The__ DOP zones nearest the city of Lisboa have produced exemplary wines
southern
158
__ and __ in northern Lisboa show promise
Alenquer, Encostas de Aire
159
__produces aguardente rather than wine in Lisboa
Lourinhã
160
The 3 DOPs nearest the Lisboa capital—____—are slowly disappearing due to the inexorable pressures of the expanding urban population
Bucelas, Colares, and Carcavelos
161
Bucelas DOP produces dry white wines from-
a min 75% Arinto
162
Colares DOP wines may be-
red or white
163
The sandy soils of Colares provided a bulwark against-
phylloxera incursion
164
The vines of the Colares DOP were traditionally planted-
in trenches to protect them from the salty marine winds
165
Ungrafted__ and___ make up a min 80% of Colares’ red/white wines, respectively
Ramisco, Malvasia
166
What second, harder soil type, is located further inland in the Colares DOP?
chao rija, Castelão is more frequently planted there
167
Carcavelos has suffered the most at the hands of suburban sprawl—only__ hectares of vineyard remain.
25
168
Red/white cepage of Carcavelos?
Red- min 75% Castelão and Preto Martinho
| - White- blend of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho
169
How are Carcavelos wines produced?
fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcoho
170
After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for-
min 2yrs, followed by at least 6mos in bottle
171
The Península de Setúbal IGP, formerly Terras do Sado, includes what DOP zones?
Setúbal and Palmela
172
Where are Setúbal and Palmela located?
across the wide Tagus estuary from the city of Lisboa
173
The Península de Setúbal IGP encompasses the peninsula, defined by what?
the Tagus and Sado estuaries, and a section of the Atlantic Coast
174
What is the The Península de Setúbal climate?
Mediterranean
175
Palmela DOP comprises what 2 distinct areas?
1. low-lying, sandy plains spreading eastward from the hilltop town of the same name
2. clay-limestone lower slopes of the Arrabida Mountains
176
What provides the best terroir for Castelão in Pamela?
The sandy plains
177
What is Pamela's premier grape and dominant component of Palmela reds?
Castelão
178
How much Castelão is stipulated for Pamela reds?
min 66.7%
179
Pamela Whites are typically blended with a high proportion of-
Fernão Pires and Arinto
180
Pamela also authorizes-
rosado, espumante and licoroso wines
181
Pamela DOP’s rather liberal encépagement includes a number of international varietals for both red and white wine production, including-
CS, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Syrah, SB, Merlot, and Tannat
182
When did the vinhos licoroso of Setúbal gain popularity?
in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade, benefiting—like Madeira—from the torna viagem maturation process
183
When was Setúbal demarcated?
one of the 1st in Portugal, early 20th century (1907)
184
Sweet white and red fortified wines are produced in Setúbal from-
a min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo, respectively
185
In keeping with EU regulations, the wine may be labeled by varietal if either grape comprises a minimum__% of the blend
85
186
Describe the wines of Setúbal
carry a particularly pungent, floral fragrance, developed through a lengthy maceration on Muscat skins—for up to six months—following the fermentation and fortification
187
The wines of Setúbal develop a-
tawny, burnt orange color and raisin spice character while maturing in large wooden casks for up to 5yrs
188
Some examples of Setúbal wine age for-
upwards of 20 years, unfolding mature molasses and caramel tones while darkening in color
189
Who is Setúbal's largest and most storied produce?
J.M. da Fonseca, in the company’s cellars are stocks of wine dating to the 19th century, some of which crossed the equator at sea
190
Both Tejo and Alentejano derive their names from-
the Tagus, or Tejo, River
191
The landlocked Tejo IGP is surrounded by-
Lisboa to the west, Beiras to the north, Alentejano to the east, and the Península de Setúbal to the south
192
The Tagus River flows through the__ plains of the fertile Tejo IGP
alluvial
193
The Tejo IGP contains the single unrestrictive __ DOP (formerly Ribatejo), in which only 1850 of the IGP’s 22,300 hectares of vineyards are included
DoTejo
194
DoTejo encompasses what 6 subregions?
1. Coruche
2. Chamusca
3. Cartaxo
4. Santarém
5. Tomar
6. Almeirim
195
__ and___ are the dominant red and white grapes in the DoTejo; white wines outnumber reds
Castelão, Fernão Pires
196
The Alentejano IGP, covering 30% of Portugal’s landmass, borders-
the eastern edge of both Tejo and the Península de Setúbal, extending southward to the Atlantic Coast north of Algarve
197
Alentejano’s hot growing season manifests in what problems?
low acidity and high alcohol
198
What is absolutely necessary in the region’s arid plains?
irrigation
199
The Alentejo DOP within Alentejano includes what 8 subzones?
1. Moura
2. Granja-Amareleja
3. Évora
4. Vidigueira
5. Reguengos
6. Redondo
7. Borba
8. Portalegre
200
What is the most promising area in Alentejo DOP?
Portalegre, located on the cooler, granitic slopes of the São Mamede Mountains in the northernmost sector of the DOP
201
Red wine production in Alentejo exceeds that of whites, and__ is the region’s most prominent grape.
Trincadeira
202
What are widespread through Alentejo?
Plantations of Quercus suber—cork trees
203
What is the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese mainland?
Algarve
204
What are the 4 DOP zones of Algarve?
1. Lagos
2. Lagoa
3. Portimão
4. Tavira
205
What is each DOP zone of Algarve dominated by?
a co-operative
206
What are the traditional grape varieties in Algarve?
Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole for reds, and Arinto and Síria for whites
207
What is Algarve's climate?
hot seaside climate, not particularly suited for fine wines, resort tourism has displaced many of the region’s vineyards.
208
The volcanic Açores (Azores) islands are located-
in the middle of the Atlantic, nearly 1,000 miles from the coast of Portugal
209
3 of the 9 Azore islands—___—have DOP zones
Pico, Graciosa, and Terceira
210
Conditions in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean are not -
tremendously conducive to viticulture
211
What are the most highly regarded wines of the Azores?
The fortified white wines of Pico DOP, yet they are generally consumed locally and viticulture occupies only a sliver of the island
212
What is the Pico DOP's apex?
its volcano—the highest point in Portugal at 7,500 feet above sea level
213
What have been designated as a World Heritage Site among the Azores?
The island’s vineyards, sheltered from sea winds by walls hewn from the black volcanic stone
214
Pico DOP alcohol/aging?
- min 16% abv after fortification
| - aged for a min 3yrs in barrel
215
What grapes are authorized for Pico DOP production?
Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez
216
Biscoitos DOP, on the island of Terceira, also produces what?
fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez
217
Graciosa DOP produces-
unfortified, dry white table wines
218
The Terras Madeirenses IGP encompasses-
both of the inhabited isles of the subtropical Madeira archipelago: Madeira and Porto Santo
219
What 2 DOP zones cover the fortified and unfortified wines, respectively, of both islands?
Madeira and Madeirense
220
Madeirense wines may be-
red, white, or rosado
221
Madeirense wines are produced from what grapes?
Verdelho, Arnsburger, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tinta Negra, and Syrah
222
What is the Arnsburger grape?
a Riesling crossing developed at Geisenheim
223
Madeira wine's regulatory body, the__, operates a co-op winemaking facility for Madeirense DOP
IVBAM
