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MONTH 5 > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

Portugal ranks as the world’s __th largest producer of wine; the country is _th in the world in per capita consumption

A

11, 7

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2
Q

In 1678, two Englishmen arrived in Lamego, a mountain town in the Douro Valley, and discovered what?

A

Porto (Port), a sweet, fortified vinous concoction produced at a local monastery, the abbot of Lamego

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3
Q

Between 1758 and 1761, the 335 best vineyards were classified as what?

A

feitoria and marked with stones, signifying fruit reserved for the English market. Lesser vineyards (rama) provided domestic wines.

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4
Q

What government-run organization now manages the Port appellation and its regulations?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)

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5
Q

Historically, ___—wines that had undergone the torna viagem (round trip) across the Atlantic, or to the East Indies and back—sold for much higher prices than ___, the wines that matured on the island

A

Vinhos ao Roda, Vinhos Canteiro

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6
Q

What process began to replace the lengthy voyage in the early 1800s for Madeira?

A

the estufagem process

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7
Q

Portugal remains one of the foremost suppliers of what for the wine industry?

A

cork closures

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8
Q

In the early 20th century, Portugal moved to protect its wine-producing regions, establishing what?

A

Região Demarcada status for Madeira, Dão, Vinho Verde, and other areas by 1929

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9
Q

What was founded in 1937, revamping the Portuguese wine industry and consolidating small vineyards into a network of larger co-operatives?

A

the Junta Nacional do Vinhos

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10
Q

Alongside Port, two commercial brands of sweet, semi-sparkling rosé—__ and ___—became the face of Portuguese wine worldwide after World War II.

A

Mateus and Lancers

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11
Q

Portugal finally began to transition to democracy when?

A

with a left-leaning military coup in 1974, followed by its admission into the EU in 1986

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12
Q

With EU membership, how did Portugal change?

A

co-operatives lost their monopolistic power, govt grants and foreign investment began to pour into the country

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13
Q

To maintain eligibility for protection in the EU, Portugal has broadly reclassified its quality wines as what?

A

either Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP) or Indicação Geogràfica Protegida (IGP)

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14
Q

As of 2011, what are the 14 IGPs in Portugal?

A
  1. Minho
  2. Transmontano
  3. Duriense
  4. Terras do Dão
  5. Terras de Cister
  6. Terras da Beira
  7. Beira Atlântico
  8. Tejo
  9. Lisboa
  10. Alentejano
  11. Península de Setúbal
  12. Algarve
  13. Terras Madeirenses
  14. Açores
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15
Q

What are often produced in DOP regions, but fail—or their winemakers choose not—to meet all of the DOP requirements?

A

IGP or VR wines

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16
Q

If produced as vintage-dated DOP or IGP, Portuguese table wines may be labeled as garrafeira, indicating what?

A

“private wine cellar”, indicating a minimum period of aging prior to release

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17
Q

Tinto (red) garrafeira wines must age for what?

A

a min 30 mos, (12 in bottle)

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18
Q

Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines must age for what?

A

a min 12 mos, (6 in bottle)

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19
Q

The vintage garrafeira Port style as pioneered by Niepoort means what, instead?

A

after aging in barrels, the Port is matured for a period of at least 8yrs in glass demijohns

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20
Q

Still wines may be labeled Reserva with what?

A

0.5% higher than the legal min alcohol

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21
Q

For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva instead indicates what?

A

a min period of 12 mos on the lees prior to dégorgement

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22
Q

Colheita Seleccionada indicates what?

A

a min 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation

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23
Q

What is the most widely grown red casta?

A

Castelão, an adaptable varietal producing typically full-bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red-fruit aromas

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24
Q

What is “casta”?

A

grape variety

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25
Q

Who began bottling Castelão under the “Periquita” brand?

A

J.M. da Fonseca, whose sister company produced the hugely popular mid-20th century brand Lancers, brought the Castelão grape from Tejo to Terras do Sado

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26
Q

What is Terras do Sado now?

A

Península de Setúbal

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27
Q

J.M. da Fonseca contests that anyone else can use what?

A

“Periquita” moniker as a synonym for Castelão

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28
Q

Although Castelão enjoys the most widespread cultivation, ___ is perhaps Portugal’s finest red casta

A

Touriga Nacional

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29
Q

Touriga Nacional produces what types of wines?

A

inky, full-bodied, structured wines

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30
Q

Despite originating in the Dão, Touriga Nacional has been supplanted by ____ in plantings in the region, and it only represents a small proportion of the Douro’s total acreage.

A

Jaen (Mencía)

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31
Q

What are synonyms for Touriga Nacional

A

Bical Tinto and Mortágua Preto

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32
Q

What are other widely cultivated, promising red grape varietals in Portugal?

A

Alfrocheiro, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela), Baga, and Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/Tempranillo)

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33
Q

What is the most planted white casta in the country?

A

Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada

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34
Q

Describe Fernão Pires

A

workhorse, early-ripening, aromatic grape, simple, makes honeyed wines that are often prone to oxidation and low acidity

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35
Q

Where is Fernão Pires concentrated?

A

throughout Portugal, but it is concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of Tejo

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36
Q

Nobler white wines are produced from what grape in the Dão?

A

Encruzado grape

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37
Q

Describe Encruzado

A

a balanced grape yielding floral and citrusy wines that gain complex nutty, resinous aromas with age

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38
Q

___, one of Portugal’s oldest indigenous varietals, produces lively, mineral-tinged whites

A

Arinto

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39
Q

Where is Arinto grown?

A

throughout the country, its most striking examples issue from the coastal regions, and from Bucelas in particular

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40
Q

The aromatic, tropical ___ is one of the most important white grapes in Alentejano

A

Antão Vaz

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41
Q

___ is highly regarded by the producers of Vinho Verde

A

Alvarinho (Spain’s Albariño)

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42
Q

One of Portugal’s most thrilling indigenous white varieties is__, a highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira

A

Sercial

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43
Q

Sercial is also known as what?

A

Esgana Cão—the “dog strangler”—on the mainland

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44
Q

Cercial (genetically distinct from Sercial) is used where?

A

in Dão, Douro and Bairrada blends

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45
Q

Located in the northwestern corner of the country, what share exact geographical boundaries?

A

the Minho IGP and Vinho Verde DOP

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46
Q

Describe the climate of the Minho IGP and Vinho Verde DOP

A

cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate prevails

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47
Q

What can be a problem in Minho and Vinho Verde?

A

grey rot during the damp growing season

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48
Q

Vines in the Minho and Vinho Verde have traditionally been trained in what method?

A

high off the ground in a system called enforcado

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49
Q

What are the benefits of “enforcado”?

A

probability of fungal disease in the wet climate is lessened, and other crops are grown beneath the grapes in the densely farmed region

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50
Q

Enforcado today?

A

the method has been displaced by more modern trellising systems, fewer than 10% of vines are today trained in this fashion

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51
Q

What is Vindo Verde a reference to?

A

“green wine,” a reference to the wines’ youthful freshness and the verdant countryside

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52
Q

What is Vinho Verde in Portugal?

A

the largest DOP in Portugal and represents 15% of the nation’s total vineyard acreage

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53
Q

How many ha are under vine in Vinho Verde?

A

nearly 60,000 hectares

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54
Q

What are the borders of Vinho Verde?

A

northward from the city of Oporto to the Spanish border (the Minho River)

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55
Q

What region does Vinho Verde share lush landscape features and some grape varietals with?

A

Rías Baixas, to the north

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56
Q

What are the soils/aspect of Vinho Verde?

A

Gentle slopes of shallow granitic soils are predominant, although steeper, terraced vineyards are common in the mountains further inland

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57
Q

What is Vinho Verde’s most heavily planted white grape?

A

Loureiro (the primary component of traditional Vinho Verde blends)

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58
Q

Name other white grapes used in Vinho Verde

A

Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and Albariño/Alvarinho

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59
Q

Alvarinho is chiefly bottled as a varietal wine, where?

A

near the northern town of Monção, situated directly across the Minho River from Rías Baixas’ Condado do Tea region

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60
Q

What remains a bright spot for quality in Vinho Verde, which is driven by high yields and mass production?

A

Monção e Melgaço Alvarinho

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61
Q

Red and Rosato wines are produced in Vinho Verde/Minho from what?

A

Vinhão (a teinturier grape), Espadeiro, Borraçal, and Alvarelhão

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62
Q

Why are the Vinho Verde wines usually slightly sparkling?

A

carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling

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63
Q

The red wines are also pétillant in Vinho Verde, from what?

A

malolactic fermentation in bottle, (usually avoided for whites)

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64
Q

___ IGP is located to the east of Minho along the Spanish border to the north of Duriense

A

Transmontano

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65
Q

Within the Transmontano region, what are the 3 non-contiguous subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP?

A
  1. Chaves
  2. Valpaços
  3. Planalto Mirandés
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66
Q

What is the climate of Transmontano?

A

dry, hot, and mountainous

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67
Q

What are the wines of Transmontano like?

A

ripe, full-bodied, although the cooler, higher-altitude vineyards can preserve acidity

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68
Q

What are important red grapes of Transmontano?

A

Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa and Trincadeira

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69
Q

What are the most planted white grapes of Transmontano?

A

Fernão Pires, Síria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina and Rabigato

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70
Q

Douro and Porto were once included in the Transmontano, prior to what?

A

the creation of the Duriense IGP

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71
Q

The Duriense IGP is a slender region that encompasses what?

A

the eastern, mountainous Douro River Valley south of Transmontano

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72
Q

What DOPs are included in Duriense IGP?

A

Douro and Porto

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73
Q

The Douro is Portugal’s first what?

A

demarcated wine region—one of the first such appellations recognized in Europe—and a UNESCO World Heritage Site

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74
Q

The Douro river and its tributaries carve deep valleys through what?

A

the granite Marão and Montemuro Mountains

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75
Q

Where are the vineyards located in the Douro?

A

from the riverside up the terraced, precipitous slopes

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76
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

Schist, is in abundance throughout the zone, often broken up by the actions of man

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77
Q

The Douro Valley experiences what climate?

A

a continental climate of severely hot summers and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing

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78
Q

The Douro’s craggy mountains act as what?

A

barriers to the humid Atlantic winds

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79
Q

The Douro becomes progressively __ toward the Spanish border

A

drier

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80
Q

What are the 3 subzones in Douro?

A
  1. Baixo Corgo
  2. Cima Corgo
  3. Douro Superior
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81
Q

Describe Baixo Corgo

A

to the west has the highest density of plantings

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82
Q

Describe Cima Corgo

A

has the highest total vineyard acreage

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83
Q

Describe Douro Superior

A

stretches to the Spanish border, is the largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted region in Douro

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84
Q

Table wines and the occasional licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro are produced as what?

A

Douro DOP

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85
Q

What is released as Porto DOP?

A

Fortified Port from the Douro region

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86
Q

Approximately 50% of the Douro’s wine is released as __

A

Porto

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87
Q

Douro table wines may be-

A

red, white, or rosado

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88
Q

Douro’s best reds are produced from-

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, and Tinta Barroca

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89
Q

Douro’s best whites are produced from-

A

Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio

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90
Q

What is used for the Douro’s fortified Moscatel wines?

A

Moscatel Galego

91
Q

Douro’s fortified Moscatel wines may carry-

A

an age designation in the manner of tawny Port

92
Q

In the Douro, reserva wines must achieve-

A

a min alcohol of 11.5% (white/rosado) or 12% (reds)

93
Q

What are the standard min alcohol levels for Douro?

A

10.5% (white/rosado) or 11% (red)

94
Q

Aging for Douro Reserva whites/reds?

A

White- 6mos, Red- 1yr

95
Q

The__ must certify all Douro wines;

A

IVDP

96
Q

Douro wines that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analysis may use the term-

A

grande reserva

97
Q

What also may be produced as Douro DOP?

A

Espumanto do Douro (sparkling wines) & Colheita Tardia (late harvest wines)

98
Q

The Minho region separates the__ DOP from seaside ___

A

Douro, Oporto (Porto)

99
Q

The major port houses have historically used the port city as what?

A

a commercial nexus for the trade

100
Q

In the past, the houses would transport Port casks in Barco Rabelo ships from Pinhão in the Cima Corgo to-

A

downriver to Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto for maturation in their lodges

101
Q

Until 1986, when membership in the EU disrupted the monopolistic demands of the Port trade, all Port wines were required by law to-

A

be aged and shipped from Vila Nova de Gaia

102
Q

Since the 1986 restrictions were lifted, what has happened?

A

a new generation of small quintas can now produce and ship Port and table wines from their premises in the Douro.

103
Q

The 1990s witnessed the birth of what?

A

a number of smaller estates in the Douro

104
Q

The larger Port houses and shippers are responsible for establishing-

A

the phenomenon of dry Douro table wines

105
Q

Ferreira, a house now under the ownership of Sogrape, launched-

A

Barca Velha in 1952, pioneering the dry Douro table wine style

106
Q

What Port houses are at the forefront of the table wine revolution?

A

Niepoort, Quinta do Crasto and Ramos Pinto

107
Q

What 270-hectare Douro Superior estate has established itself as one of the region’s young cult stars?

A

Quinta do Vale Meão, formerly the primary source of fruit for Barca Velha

108
Q

What lies south of Duriense and Minho?

A

The traditional province of Beiras

109
Q

What does Beiras span?

A

the entire width of Portugal, from the fertile littoral coast to the mountainous interior

110
Q

Until early 2011, a single IGP represented Beiras, now there are what 4 IGPs?

A
  1. Terras do Dão
  2. Terras de Cister
  3. Terras da Beira
  4. Beira Atlântico
111
Q

Where do Dão DOP and Lafões DOP lie?

A

within the newly unveiled Terras do Dão IGP

112
Q

What does Terras do Dão IGP border?

A

Minho IGP to the north and claims a large swath of the central, inland territory formerly assigned to Beiras IGP

113
Q

Bairrada DOP is located within-

A

Beira Atlântico IGP

114
Q

What is the one designated subzone of coastal Beira Atlântico?

A

Terras do Sicó

115
Q

What is a center of sparkling wine production immediately south of the Douro River and north of Terras do Dão?

A

Távora-Varosa DOP

116
Q

Távora-Varosa DOP is located within-

A

the Terras de Cister IGP, the “land of the Cistercians,” another reminder of the medieval Church’s influence in spreading the vine.

117
Q

___ DOP is a larger appellation near the Spanish border, within the Terras da Beira IGP

A

Beira Interior

118
Q

Despite its size, Beira Interior DOP has relatively few-

A

growers, and much of the winemaking is performed by co-ops

119
Q

What are Beira Interior’s 3 subzones?

A
  1. Beira Castelo Rodrigo
  2. Cova da Beira
  3. Pinhel
120
Q

Some of Portugal’s best dry reds are produced in-

A

Dão DOP

121
Q

Criticized in the past for a lack of fruit, Dão’s producers have worked to emphasize-

A

freshness and fragrance from the 1990s forward

122
Q

Although it has been eclipsed in volume of acreage, __ is a signature component of Dão blends

A

Touriga Nacional

123
Q

Dão vs. Douro wines?

A

typically more elegant, sharper, and more floral

124
Q

Describe the formations that protect the Dão

A

Sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, partially protected from harsh winds of the continental interior, yet insulated from the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast

125
Q

Climate of Dão

A

hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months

126
Q

Where are the best Dão vineyards?

A

between 400-500 meters above sea level, (Altitude helps to preserve acidity), where the preferred granitic soils are in abundance

127
Q

The Dão is not densely planted: approximately _% of the total region is utilized for viticulture

A

5

128
Q

What are the 7 subregions of the Dão?

A
  1. Serra da Estrela (named for Portugal’s highest mountain range)
  2. Alva
  3. Besteiros
  4. Castendo
  5. Silgueiros
  6. Terras de Azurara
  7. Terras de Senhorim
129
Q

Dão wines may be-

A

red, white, rosado or espumante

130
Q

Red wines account for over __ of the total Dão output

A

3/4

131
Q

What are the recommended red grapes in the Dão?

A

Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, and Tinta Cão

132
Q

What are the recommended white grapes in the Dão?

A

Encruzado, Bical, and Cercial

133
Q

In the Dão, certain experimental grapes, such as CS and Sémillon, can be utilized but may not comprise-

A

more than 40% of a blend

134
Q

Dão producers may label their wines as garrafeira according to the standard aging regimen, but the minimum abv is increased to-

A

11.5% (from 11%)

135
Q

Red Dão wines may be labeled as reserva with-

A

2yrs of aging

136
Q

White Dão wines may be labeled as reserva with-

A

6mos aging

137
Q

Describe Red “nobre” wine requirements in the Dão

A
  • min 15% Touriga Nacional, max 85% of Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, and Aragonez
  • min 3yrs aging
  • min 12% alcohol
138
Q

Describe White “nobre” wine requirements in the Dão

A
  • min 15% Encruzado, max 85% of Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, and Verdelho
  • 1yr aging
  • min 11.5% alcohol
139
Q

Dão Nobre wines may also labeled as reserva or garrafeira with-

A

additional aging and an extra half-degree of min alcohol

140
Q

Dão Nobre reserva reds are aged for-

A

42 months

141
Q

Dão Nobre reserva whites are aged for-

A

one year

142
Q

Dão red nobre garrafeira wines require _ months aging

A

48 (18 in bottle)

143
Q

Dão white nobre garrafeira wines require _ months aging

A

18 (9 in bottle)

144
Q

Like Dão, Bairrada predominantly produces-

A

red wines, although white and rosado wines are authorized

145
Q

To the west of Dão, __ DOP experiences a milder, rainier climate.

A

Bairrada

146
Q

What is the main red grape of Bairrada DOP?

A

The late-ripening, notoriously astringent Baga

147
Q

Where does Baga thrive in Bairrada?

A

in the barros (clay) soils

148
Q

What white grapes thrive in Bairrada?

A

Maria Gomes and Arinto, usually planted in sandier soils

149
Q

Bairrada DOP red cepage?

A

min 50% of Baga, blended with Touriga Nacional, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, and Alfrocheiro

150
Q

What new wave of experimentation has occured in Bairrada DOP?

A

the incursion of many international varietals

151
Q

Bairrada winemakers who remain faithful to the native grapes (and provide a min 12.5% abv, rather than the 11% required by the DOP) earn the right to-

A

label their wines as Bairrada Clássico

152
Q

The coastal Lisboa IGP runs southward from Beiras to-

A

Portugal’s capital city, where the Tagus River meets the Atlantic Ocean

153
Q

What are Lisboa’s 9 individual DOPs?

A
  1. Bucelas
  2. Colares
  3. Carcavelos
  4. Arruda
  5. Torres Vedras
  6. Alenquer
  7. Óbidos
  8. Lourinhã
  9. Encostas de Aire
154
Q

Encostas de Aire overlaps-

A

Alta Estremadura and Estremadura

155
Q

What are Alta Estremadura and Estremadura?

A

subzones of the northern half of Lisboa IGP

156
Q

Lisboa releases a larger volume of wine than any other in Portugal but-

A

has long carried a reputation of low quality, dominated by co-operatives and Vinhos de Mesa production

157
Q

The__ DOP zones nearest the city of Lisboa have produced exemplary wines

A

southern

158
Q

__ and __ in northern Lisboa show promise

A

Alenquer, Encostas de Aire

159
Q

__produces aguardente rather than wine in Lisboa

A

Lourinhã

160
Q

The 3 DOPs nearest the Lisboa capital—____—are slowly disappearing due to the inexorable pressures of the expanding urban population

A

Bucelas, Colares, and Carcavelos

161
Q

Bucelas DOP produces dry white wines from-

A

a min 75% Arinto

162
Q

Colares DOP wines may be-

A

red or white

163
Q

The sandy soils of Colares provided a bulwark against-

A

phylloxera incursion

164
Q

The vines of the Colares DOP were traditionally planted-

A

in trenches to protect them from the salty marine winds

165
Q

Ungrafted__ and___ make up a min 80% of Colares’ red/white wines, respectively

A

Ramisco, Malvasia

166
Q

What second, harder soil type, is located further inland in the Colares DOP?

A

chao rija, Castelão is more frequently planted there

167
Q

Carcavelos has suffered the most at the hands of suburban sprawl—only__ hectares of vineyard remain.

A

25

168
Q

Red/white cepage of Carcavelos?

A

Red- min 75% Castelão and Preto Martinho

- White- blend of Arinto, Galego Dourado, and Ratinho

169
Q

How are Carcavelos wines produced?

A

fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcoho

170
Q

After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for-

A

min 2yrs, followed by at least 6mos in bottle

171
Q

The Península de Setúbal IGP, formerly Terras do Sado, includes what DOP zones?

A

Setúbal and Palmela

172
Q

Where are Setúbal and Palmela located?

A

across the wide Tagus estuary from the city of Lisboa

173
Q

The Península de Setúbal IGP encompasses the peninsula, defined by what?

A

the Tagus and Sado estuaries, and a section of the Atlantic Coast

174
Q

What is the The Península de Setúbal climate?

A

Mediterranean

175
Q

Palmela DOP comprises what 2 distinct areas?

A
  1. low-lying, sandy plains spreading eastward from the hilltop town of the same name
  2. clay-limestone lower slopes of the Arrabida Mountains
176
Q

What provides the best terroir for Castelão in Pamela?

A

The sandy plains

177
Q

What is Pamela’s premier grape and dominant component of Palmela reds?

A

Castelão

178
Q

How much Castelão is stipulated for Pamela reds?

A

min 66.7%

179
Q

Pamela Whites are typically blended with a high proportion of-

A

Fernão Pires and Arinto

180
Q

Pamela also authorizes-

A

rosado, espumante and licoroso wines

181
Q

Pamela DOP’s rather liberal encépagement includes a number of international varietals for both red and white wine production, including-

A

CS, Chardonnay, Sémillon, Syrah, SB, Merlot, and Tannat

182
Q

When did the vinhos licoroso of Setúbal gain popularity?

A

in the heyday of Portugal’s fortified wine trade, benefiting—like Madeira—from the torna viagem maturation process

183
Q

When was Setúbal demarcated?

A

one of the 1st in Portugal, early 20th century (1907)

184
Q

Sweet white and red fortified wines are produced in Setúbal from-

A

a min 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo, respectively

185
Q

In keeping with EU regulations, the wine may be labeled by varietal if either grape comprises a minimum__% of the blend

A

85

186
Q

Describe the wines of Setúbal

A

carry a particularly pungent, floral fragrance, developed through a lengthy maceration on Muscat skins—for up to six months—following the fermentation and fortification

187
Q

The wines of Setúbal develop a-

A

tawny, burnt orange color and raisin spice character while maturing in large wooden casks for up to 5yrs

188
Q

Some examples of Setúbal wine age for-

A

upwards of 20 years, unfolding mature molasses and caramel tones while darkening in color

189
Q

Who is Setúbal’s largest and most storied produce?

A

J.M. da Fonseca, in the company’s cellars are stocks of wine dating to the 19th century, some of which crossed the equator at sea

190
Q

Both Tejo and Alentejano derive their names from-

A

the Tagus, or Tejo, River

191
Q

The landlocked Tejo IGP is surrounded by-

A

Lisboa to the west, Beiras to the north, Alentejano to the east, and the Península de Setúbal to the south

192
Q

The Tagus River flows through the__ plains of the fertile Tejo IGP

A

alluvial

193
Q

The Tejo IGP contains the single unrestrictive __ DOP (formerly Ribatejo), in which only 1850 of the IGP’s 22,300 hectares of vineyards are included

A

DoTejo

194
Q

DoTejo encompasses what 6 subregions?

A
  1. Coruche
  2. Chamusca
  3. Cartaxo
  4. Santarém
  5. Tomar
  6. Almeirim
195
Q

__ and___ are the dominant red and white grapes in the DoTejo; white wines outnumber reds

A

Castelão, Fernão Pires

196
Q

The Alentejano IGP, covering 30% of Portugal’s landmass, borders-

A

the eastern edge of both Tejo and the Península de Setúbal, extending southward to the Atlantic Coast north of Algarve

197
Q

Alentejano’s hot growing season manifests in what problems?

A

low acidity and high alcohol

198
Q

What is absolutely necessary in the region’s arid plains?

A

irrigation

199
Q

The Alentejo DOP within Alentejano includes what 8 subzones?

A
  1. Moura
  2. Granja-Amareleja
  3. Évora
  4. Vidigueira
  5. Reguengos
  6. Redondo
  7. Borba
  8. Portalegre
200
Q

What is the most promising area in Alentejo DOP?

A

Portalegre, located on the cooler, granitic slopes of the São Mamede Mountains in the northernmost sector of the DOP

201
Q

Red wine production in Alentejo exceeds that of whites, and__ is the region’s most prominent grape.

A

Trincadeira

202
Q

What are widespread through Alentejo?

A

Plantations of Quercus suber—cork trees

203
Q

What is the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese mainland?

A

Algarve

204
Q

What are the 4 DOP zones of Algarve?

A
  1. Lagos
  2. Lagoa
  3. Portimão
  4. Tavira
205
Q

What is each DOP zone of Algarve dominated by?

A

a co-operative

206
Q

What are the traditional grape varieties in Algarve?

A

Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole for reds, and Arinto and Síria for whites

207
Q

What is Algarve’s climate?

A

hot seaside climate, not particularly suited for fine wines, resort tourism has displaced many of the region’s vineyards.

208
Q

The volcanic Açores (Azores) islands are located-

A

in the middle of the Atlantic, nearly 1,000 miles from the coast of Portugal

209
Q

3 of the 9 Azore islands—___—have DOP zones

A

Pico, Graciosa, and Terceira

210
Q

Conditions in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean are not -

A

tremendously conducive to viticulture

211
Q

What are the most highly regarded wines of the Azores?

A

The fortified white wines of Pico DOP, yet they are generally consumed locally and viticulture occupies only a sliver of the island

212
Q

What is the Pico DOP’s apex?

A

its volcano—the highest point in Portugal at 7,500 feet above sea level

213
Q

What have been designated as a World Heritage Site among the Azores?

A

The island’s vineyards, sheltered from sea winds by walls hewn from the black volcanic stone

214
Q

Pico DOP alcohol/aging?

A
  • min 16% abv after fortification

- aged for a min 3yrs in barrel

215
Q

What grapes are authorized for Pico DOP production?

A

Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

216
Q

Biscoitos DOP, on the island of Terceira, also produces what?

A

fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez

217
Q

Graciosa DOP produces-

A

unfortified, dry white table wines

218
Q

The Terras Madeirenses IGP encompasses-

A

both of the inhabited isles of the subtropical Madeira archipelago: Madeira and Porto Santo

219
Q

What 2 DOP zones cover the fortified and unfortified wines, respectively, of both islands?

A

Madeira and Madeirense

220
Q

Madeirense wines may be-

A

red, white, or rosado

221
Q

Madeirense wines are produced from what grapes?

A

Verdelho, Arnsburger, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tinta Negra, and Syrah

222
Q

What is the Arnsburger grape?

A

a Riesling crossing developed at Geisenheim

223
Q

Madeira wine’s regulatory body, the__, operates a co-op winemaking facility for Madeirense DOP

A

IVBAM

MONTH 5 (13 decks)

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