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MONTH 5 > Hungary > Flashcards

Hungary Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Tokaj region?

A

In the northeastern corner of Hungary, at the confluence of the Tisza and Bodrog Rivers

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2
Q

What was the Tokaj region formerly known as?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja, or the Tokaj “foothills”

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3
Q

The region was one of the first in modern Europe to undergo a vineyard classification, when?

A

1700 the Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimited 28 villages in the region

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4
Q

Some sources alternatively date Tokaj’s classification to when?

A

1730, with a final legal recognition in 1772—definitive evidence of the 1700 classification remains elusive

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5
Q

What are a fundamental component of the best Tokaj wines?

A

Aszú grapes

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6
Q

What did “Aszú” originally signify?

A

desiccated grapes, it has evolved to indicate grapes of high sugar levels afflicted with botrytis cinerea

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7
Q

When did Aszú first appear?

A

in works published as early as 1571

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8
Q

Who definitively produced botrytis-affected aszú wine by the mid-17th century?

A

Szepsi Laczkó Máté

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9
Q

The aszú wines of Tokaj predated the botrytised wines of where else?

A

Germany, and probably Sauternes as well

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10
Q

What closed the door on quality for Tokaj in the 20th century?

A

the Iron Curtain

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11
Q

Which estates are currently leading the way in quality?

A

the Royal Tokaji Company, Vega Sicilia’s Tokaj Oremus, Disznókõ, and Királyudvar

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12
Q

Tokaj is both the name of the overall region and what else?

A

the commune at the convergence of the two rivers

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13
Q

___ is an adjectival form used to indicate the wine

A

Tokaji

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14
Q

What is the climate of Tokaj?

A

sheltered by the Carpathian Mountains, enjoys a warm continental climate with long, humid autumns: perfect encouragement for botrytis

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15
Q

What are the soils of Tokaj?

A

predominantly volcanic loess and clay

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16
Q

Many of the better Tokaj vineyards occupy what>

A

south-facing slopes

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17
Q

Rákóczy’s original classification, which divided the vineyards of Tokaj and its neighboring villages into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths, remains relevant today through the efforts of who?

A

the Tokaj Renaissance, a producers’ association devoted to the protection of the concept

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18
Q

How many vineyards are recognized as first growths?

A

74

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19
Q

What vineyards share the superlative designation of Great First Growths?

A

Szarvas and Mézes Mály, near the communes of Tokaj and Tarcal, respectively

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20
Q

What are the two principal grapes of the region?

A

Furmint and Hárslevelű

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21
Q

What other grapes are authorized in Tojaj but generally used in small quantities?

A

Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains), Zéta (Oremus), Kabar and Kövérszőlő

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22
Q

Why is Furmint key to the production of Tokaji Aszú?

A

it is particularly susceptible to botrytis and high in acidity

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23
Q

Traditionally, the aszú grapes are handpicked individually and gathered in what?

A

containers called puttony—puttonyos is an adjective rather than the plural form—which hold roughly 25 kg

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24
Q

A tiny fraction of syrupy, free-run juice is allowed to settle out of the aszú must—this will be vinified separately as ____.

A

Esszencia

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25
Q

The aszú is then trampled into a paste, or dough, and a number of puttony containing aszú paste is mixed with what?

A

gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes

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26
Q

The number of puttony added to a gönc determines what?

A

the final sweetness of the Tokaji Aszú wine, and it is labeled accordingly

27
Q

What is a gönc?

A

a Hungarian oak cask of approximately 136 L

28
Q

Aging requirements for Tokaj?

A

in cask for a min 2yrs, and an additional yr in bottle

29
Q

The sugar-rich Esszencia—the preferred Tokaji of the czars ferments at what pace?

A

at a glacial pace, sometimes taking decades to reach 4-6% alcohol

30
Q

Richer than honey, Esszencia can retain upwards of __ grams per liter of RS

A

800

31
Q

Esszencia, or ____, is rarely available commercially, and it is everlasting nectar, unique in the entire world of wine

A

Natúresszencia

32
Q

Name the Aszú Levels and corresponding min RS

A 
3 Puttonyos	60 g/l
4 Puttonyos	90 g/l
5 Puttonyos	120 g/l
6 Puttonyos	150 g/l
Aszúesszencia (7-9 Puttonyos)	180 g/l
Natúresszencia	450 g/l (formerly 250 g/l)
33
Q

Several styles of Tokaji beyond Tokaji __ exist

A

Aszú

34
Q

What is Tokaji Szamorodni?

A

(“as it comes”), produced from a mixture of aszú and non-aszú grapes, often oxidative in style as it is matured in cask for a min of 2yrs—sometimes under a film-forming yeast similar to flor

35
Q

Szamorodni wines may be what?

A

édes (sweet) or száras (dry)

36
Q

Fordítás and Máslás wines are the product of what?

A

refermenting wine with the pressed paste or spent lees, respectively, of Tokaji Aszú

37
Q

Tokaji wines may also be produced as __ __ wines (in a wide range of styles) without the extended aging of Tokaji Aszú

A

late harvest

38
Q

Tokaji wines may also be produced as dry varietal wines made from what?

A

non-aszú grapes

39
Q

What is the Circle of Mád?

A

a small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in Tokaj region

40
Q

The talented Hungarian winemaker István Szepsy is a founding member of the Circle of Mád and a key figure in what?

A

the establishment of Hugh Johnson’s Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar

41
Q

As of 2007, all other countries in the European Union are prohibited from using what term?

A

“Tokaj” or its derivatives (Tokay, Tocai) on labels, regardless of any actual similarity to the wine

42
Q

Alsatian producers lost the right to produce Pinot Gris as ___ and Italian producers rechristened ___ as simply Friulano.

A

Tokay d’Alsace, Tocai Friulano

43
Q

In 2000, two decades after the fall of communism, __ total wine appellations were identified in Hungary

A

22

44
Q

With the EU’s recent reforms, regions qualifying for PDO status has increased to __, with __ additional PGI areas

A

30, 5

45
Q

Hungary’s wine appellations are divided among what 3 major geographical zones of production?

A
  1. North Hungary
  2. western region of Transdanubia
  3. southern Great Plain
46
Q

North Hungary includes what regions?

A

Tokaj and Eger

47
Q

What is the Eger region famous for?

A

Egri Bikavér—the “Bull’s Blood of Eger”

48
Q

What was Egri Bikavér historically dominated by?

A

Kadarka—an indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied and not particularly sanguine grape

49
Q

Modern Egri Bikavér is a blend of what?

A

at least 3 varieties, incorporating Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch), and other Hungarian and international grapes

50
Q

Only Eger and Szekszárd in Transdanubia are permitted to use what term on their labels?

A

“Bikavér”

51
Q

Other regions in Transdanubia include what?

A

Badacsony and Balatonfüred-Csopak on the shores of Lake Balaton

52
Q

What is Lake Balaton?

A

Europe’s largest lake

53
Q

What lies to to the northwest of Lake Balaton in Transdanubia?

A

Somló, on the slopes of the extinct volcano

54
Q

What dominated production in the 3 areas of Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak and Somló?

A

White wines

55
Q

What white grapes are found in Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak and Somló?

A

Furmint, Juhfark, Olaszrizling (Welschriesling), and a number of international varietals.

56
Q

Where are red wines common in Transdanubia?

A

in both the extreme south and north

57
Q

__ along the southern Croatian border is Hungary’s hottest region

A

Villány

58
Q

Describe the wines of Villány

A

good quality wines from Bordeaux varietals, Kékfrankos, and Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)

59
Q

On the northern border of Transdanubia, what is contiguous with Austria’s Burgenland?

A

Sopron

60
Q

What is cultivated in both Sopron in Hungary and Burgenland in Austria (across the border)?

A

Kékfrankos

61
Q

To the east of Transdanubia, the Great Plain contains what?

A

a majority of Hungary’s acreage under vine

62
Q

Describe the soil of the Great Plain

A

sandy soils (a welcome habitat after phylloxera struck in the 19th century)

63
Q

Most of the wines of the Great Plain are what?

A

everyday quality and are consumed locally

64
Q

What is Hungary’s largest region?

A

Kunság, is located in the Great Plain and produces a sizable amount of mass production white wine (and some reds) from indigenous grapes

MONTH 5 (13 decks)

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