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FWS Soggywaffle > Rhone > Flashcards

Rhone Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The Rhone lies between the __th and __th parallels north.
  2. This latitude also lines up with which area in USA?
A
  1. 44th, 45th.
  2. Willamette Valley
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2
Q

What borders the Rhone to the:

  1. North?
  2. West?
  3. East?
  4. SW?
  5. SE?
A
  1. Lyon/Beaujolais
  2. Massif Central
  3. Prealps4.
  4. Languedoc
  5. Provence
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3
Q
  1. What are the 3 subdivisions of the Rhone?
  2. What differs the Northern vs. Southern topographically?
A
  1. Les Cotes du Rhone, Northern Rhone, Southern Rhone
  2. Northern steeper slopes, Southern flatter land.
    Both affected by Rhone river and Mistral winds
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4
Q
  1. Who settled in the Rhone Valley around 600 BCE? Who came to trade with them ?
  2. Who arrived around 121 BCE?
  3. Where did the Papal Palace move to from Rome in the 14th century?
  4. What did Pope John XXII build just north of Avignon?
A
  1. Celts, Greeks
  2. Romans
  3. Avignon
  4. New castle of the pope “Chateauneuf du Pape”
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5
Q
  1. Who were the Vicariate Uzes? What were they famous for?
  2. What did King Louis XV do in 1737?
  3. What eventually happened by mid 19th century?
A
  1. Church held entity west of the Rhone in 1600s, made famous wine “Coste du Rhone” district
  2. Enforced branding of Coste du Rhone barrels with “CDR” to control quality and prevent fraud
  3. Coste du Rhone -> Les Cotes du Rhone, invluded vineyards on east bank of Rhone River.
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6
Q
  1. Before phylloxera, ___ was 1/3 of Rhone plantings
  2. What happened in 1956?
A
  1. Mourvedre (now 4%)
  2. Big freeze destroyed most olive and fruit trees, but most vines survived
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7
Q
  1. What does Viognier add when cofermented with Syrah in red wine?
  2. Marsanne is considered finer than Roussane because? What happens when it is cofermented with Syrah?
  3. What does Rousanne add when added to Northern Rhone reds/whites?
    4, Syrah is ___ in nature so care must be taken to avoid ___ notes
A

1 Adds lift, perfume, helps set color

  1. Higher extract levels, adds aromatic complexity and softens tannins
  2. Perfume
  3. Reductive, barnyard/gamey notes
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8
Q
  1. How many grape varieties are planted in the Rhone? How many can be incorporated into COtes du Rhone AOC?
  2. What is the primary grape of the Southern Rhone? How about its color and acid?
  3. How is Syrah’s acidity and tannin. How else does it complement Grenache?
  4. What does Mourvedre contribute to a blend?
  5. What other red grapes are popular in S. Rhone?
A
  1. 34, 23
  2. Grenache, moderate color and acid
  3. Higher acid and tannin, its reductive nature counters Grenache’s oxidative tendencies
  4. Alcohol, tannin, acid, pigment. Also reductive nature
  5. Cinsault, Carignan, Counoise, Marselan
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9
Q

What Rose/Gris grapes are used to make rose wines?

A

Clairette rose, Grenache Gris, Piquepoul Gris

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10
Q
  1. What is the primary white grape in white Cotes du Rhone and CdP? What is it valued for? What is its drawback?
  2. Bourboulenc produces wines of ___ alcohol and ___ acidity. It can help balance out grapes such as ___ and ___.
  3. What’s a main feature of Clairette?
    4, What’s the difference between Viognier in South vs Northern Rhone?
  4. What grape is important for vin doux naturel (VDN) production?
A
  1. Grenache Blanc. Extract/concentration of flavor, oxidative nature
  2. moderate, high. Balance high alcohol and low acid grapes like Grenache Blanc and Clairette
  3. Large leaves that protect grapes from sunburn
  4. Due to warmth acid levels drop and aromatics are heightened
  5. Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc
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11
Q

Northern Rhone:

  1. Soils?
  2. Crozes Hermitage soils?
  3. Hermitage soils?
  4. What is typically planted on stony soils? Limestone/clay/sand soils?
A
  1. Mainly granite with fine topsoil of mica schist and granitic sands, pockets of limestone
  2. Also has galets, clay, loess/molasse
    3 Also some clay and sand
  3. Syrah, white grapes
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12
Q
  1. What latitude do Rhone vineyard sit at?
    2 Who makes a wine called Parallele 45?
  2. How are Syrah and Viognier vines trained?
  3. What are echalas? Function?
  4. What happens to vineyards that are not terraced?
  5. Northern RHone: hand or machine harvested?
  6. N Rhone: lots of variation?
A
  1. Between 44th and 45th
  2. Paul Jaboulet Aine
  3. Guyot
  4. Traditional support structure for vines, 2-3 stakes placed like teepee over two vines, protects against high winds like the Mistral
  5. Rains wash stones down to bottom of slopes, so every year after harvest stones need to be carried back up the slope
    6 Hand (too steep)
  6. Yes due to continental climate and unpredictable weather
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13
Q
  1. What % of Condrieu is dry?
  2. Where is Vin de Paille traditionally made? What grapes are used? How long are they dried for?
A
  1. 90-95% (the reverse in 18-19th century)
  2. Hermitage, Marsanne and/or Roussanne, 45+ days
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14
Q

N. Rhone reds:

  1. Dry or sweet? Acid levels?
  2. Cornas and Hermitage are more ___ while Saint Joseph and Dote Rotie are usually more ___.
  3. Typically aged in beton or inox. What are those?
  4. If oak is used, what is the traditional vehicle?
A

1 Always dry, bright acidity
2. Strcutured/powerful. More elegant
3. Beton- concrete vats, inox- stainless steel vats
4 Demi-muids (600L oak barrels) or Foudres (large inert barrels of any size)

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15
Q
  1. 5 types of soil in S. Rhone?
  2. Most vine trained which way?
  3. Trellised new vines are trained which way?
  4. Machine or hand harvested? Which AOC is required to hand harvest?
  5. Climate?
  6. Vine spacing vs. N. Rhone? Irrigation?
  7. What are the possible benefits of drought? What has been done to help with more water?
  8. Effects of climate change on temps? harvest? alcohol? acidity?
  9. What else are producers doing in response to climate change?
  10. Vintage variation compared to N Rhone?
A
  1. galets (rounded river stones), garrigue (limestone), sandstone, clay, loess/molasse (windblown silts and sands)
  2. Gobelet (protects from Mistral)
  3. Guyot (better sun, easier pruning, eliminates humidity buildup, trellis itself gives vine support vs. wind
  4. Mechanical (trellising), Hand (globelet), Beaumes de Venise AOC requires hand
  5. Mediterranean
  6. Spaced more widely apart. Yes, but needs special permission
  7. Minimizes mildrew and rot. 225 euro water transfer project from west to east
  8. temp up by 2.5F last 100 years, harvest forward 15 days last 26 years, etoh increse 0.6%, acidity dropped 0.5 g/l
  9. Moving vines up hillside, planting higher elevations, shade panels/misters
  10. Less
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16
Q

1, Most S. Rhone whites meant to be consumed when?

  1. Most are fermented in what?
  2. Is any non=dry rose made?
A
  1. 2-4 years
  2. Neutral vessels (except most white CdP is in oak)
  3. Yes (rose VDN, though very little)
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17
Q
  1. What are S. Rhone red wines aged in?
A
  1. inox, beton, demi muids, foudres, small new oak barrels (CdP)
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18
Q

Cotes du Rhone AOC:

  1. most wines comes from the ___ Rhone
  2. types?
  3. What is the Diois?
  4. Where does Cotes du Rhone Villages production come from?
  5. How many Cru are in the Cotes du Rhone zone?
  6. South of Montelimar, what is the requirement for redgrapes? What about north?
  7. How many villages make CdR AOC? how many make CdR Villages AOC? how many make CdR Villages + named village DHC?
A
  1. Southern
  2. Dry white, rose, red
  3. Considered part of N. Rhone but not included in Cotes du Rhone production zone
  4. S. Rhone only
  5. 8 northern, 9 southern
  6. 2 Principal grapes must be at least 60^+. Only 1 grape, 50%+
  7. 171, 95, 22
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19
Q

Cotes du Rhone AOC:

  1. white grapes?
  2. rose grapes?
  3. red grapes?
  4. what is the backbone of most white blends?
  5. what does cinsault add to a rose blend?
  6. What Southern Rhone AOCs are NOT in the CdR zone of production?
A
  1. Bourboulenc, clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier (Piquepoul Blanc, ugni blanc
  2. clairette rose, grenache gris
  3. grenache, syrah, mourvedre (brun argente, caladoc, carignan, cinsault, counnoise, couston, marselan, muscardin, piquepoul noir, terret noir
  4. grenache blanc
  5. finesse, perfume, fruit (not tannin or pigment)
  6. Ventoux, Luberon, Costieres de Nimes, Cotes du Vivarais, Duche d’Uzes, Grignan les Adhemar, Clairette de Bellegarde
20
Q

Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC:

  1. grapes?
  2. Red blend requirements?
A
  1. same as CdR except no varignan, couston, marselan
  2. 66%+ of at least 2 principal grapes, one must be Grenache
21
Q

Northern Rhone:

  1. What % of Rhone valley production?
  2. 42 miles between what two towns?
  3. Climate?
  4. Climate threats?
  5. Longer or shorter ripening window than South?
  6. Example of earlier ripening varieties?
  7. Stony soils typically planted with?
  8. Limestone, clay, sand planted with?
A
  1. 4%
  2. Vienne, Valance
  3. Continental with Mediterranean influence
  4. Fog and frost (spring), Hail (autumn), Snow
  5. Shorter
  6. Syrah, Viognier
  7. Syrah
  8. whites
22
Q

Cote Rotie AOC:

  1. Types? Grapes?
  2. What does “Cotie Rotie” mean?
  3. What direction do vineyards face?
A
  1. Red only. Syrah and Viognier (up to 20%, most of the time <5%) only
  2. “Roasted Slope”
  3. SE
23
Q

Condrieu AOC:

  1. Types? Grapes?
  2. Minimum sweetness for sweet whites?
  3. Typical style?
A
  1. Most dry, some sweet white. Viognier only
  2. 4.5%
  3. medium to full bodied with moderate to low acidity
24
Q

Chateau Grillet AOC:

  1. Lies within whose boundaries?
  2. It is a monopolie. Who is the only other one outside Bourgogne?
  3. How long are wines aged?
A
  1. Condrieu
  2. Coulee de Serrant in Loire
  3. 2 years in oak or tanks (and can age for 10+years)
25
Q

Saint Joseph AOC:

  1. Styles? Grapes?
  2. % Red?
A
  1. Dry white and reds. Marsanne/Roussanne, Syrah. Wines typically mature quicker
  2. 86%
26
Q

Crozes Hermitage AOC:

  1. Styles? Grapes?
  2. Size?
  3. What % of M/R can be fermented with Syrah to create reds?
A
  1. Dry whites, reds. Marsanne/Roussanne, Syrah.
  2. Largest of N. Rhone Crus
  3. up to 15%
27
Q

Hermitage AOC:

  1. styles? grapes?
  2. production ref %?
  3. what % of M/R can be fermeted with Syrah for reds?
A
  1. dry white, red, vin de paille. marsanne, roussanne, syrah
  2. 2/3 red 1/3 white
  3. 15%
28
Q

Cornas AOC:
1. Styles? grapes?

  1. topographical?
  2. What does Cornas mean?

4, What is a notable climate feature?

A
  1. reds only, syrah only
  2. Steep, SE facing terrraced slope of granite, forming natural amphitheater to protect vines from winds
  3. Celtic for “Burned Earth”
  4. Warm compared to rest of North
29
Q

Saint Peray AOC:

  1. styles? grapes?
  2. Climate notes?
A
  1. dry and sparkling whites. Marsanne, Roussanne
  2. Cooler
30
Q

Southern Rhone:

  1. Which 3 AOCs are on the valley floor and get the full Mistral winds?
  2. Which 3 AOCs are on the hilly NE area of the S. Rhone, with elevation to beat the heat?
  3. Which 3 AOCs sit at the foothills of the Dentelles dfe Montmirail mountains?
A
  1. CdP. Tavel, Lirac
  2. Vinsobres, Rasteau, Cairanne
  3. Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes de Venise
31
Q

Southern Rhone:

  1. 50 miles from ____ to ____.
  2. Climate?
  3. Climate risks?
A
  1. Montelimar to Nimes
  2. Mediterranean (warmth is mitigated by Mistral and air from mountains)
  3. Summer rainstorms leading to flooding, drought
32
Q

Vinsobres AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Soils and terrain?
  3. Red requirements?
  4. Organic %?
A
  1. Red only
  2. Sands, clays, pockets of gravel and limestone. 650-1500 ft elevation
  3. Grenache based, must have one of Syrah or Mourvedre
  4. 30%+
33
Q

Rasteau AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Main grapes?
  3. Topography?
  4. Soils?
A
  1. Red and fotified whites
  2. Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Grenache
  3. Vineyards face south, large amphitheater traps sun and blocks Mistral. around 750 ft elevation
  4. Marls, red clay, sand, pockets of gravel
34
Q

Cairanne AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Main grapes?
  3. Soils?
A
  1. Dry white and reds
  2. White: Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne. Red: Grenache
  3. Stony pebbles
35
Q

Gigondas AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Soils? Elevation?
  3. Where do vineyard face? What are wines like?
  4. Red/rose requirement
A
  1. Rose, red
  2. Marls, limestone, sand, up to 1330 ft
  3. NW/W. wines with freshness
  4. Grenache plus one of Syrah/Mourvedre
36
Q

Vacqueyras AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Main white grapes?
  3. Main red grapes?
  4. Relative climate and wine style?
  5. Soils?
A
  1. Dry white, rose, red
  2. Bourboulenc, Clairette, Gren Blanc, Roussane, Marsanne, Viognier
  3. GSM, Cinseault
  4. Warmer than Gigondas, Fleshier/meatier wines
  5. Complex mix os sand/silt atop limestone, sandstone, marl
37
Q

Beaumes de Venise AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Main grape?
  3. Soils?
A
  1. Red wine only
  2. Grenache (60%+ in blend)
  3. Marls, limestone, clay
38
Q

Chateauneuf de Pape AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. White grapes?
  3. Red grapes?
  4. Rose grapes?
  5. Wine notes?
  6. Most or least restrictive of AOCs for blending?
A
  1. Dry red and white
  2. Brouboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, PIcardan, Picquepoul Blanc
  3. GSM, Cinsault, Brun Argente, Counoise, Muscardin, Piquepoul Noir, Terret Noir
  4. Clariette Rose, Grenache Gris, Piquepoul Gris
  5. Aromes of Kirsche and garrigue.
  6. Least
39
Q

Lirac AOC:
1. Styles?

  1. Main white grapes?
  2. Main red grapes?
  3. Climate notes?
A
  1. Dry red, rose, white
  2. Bourboulenc, Clairette, Gren Blanc, Roussanne
  3. GSM, Cinsault
  4. Hot, dry, sunny, low yields
40
Q

Tavel AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Main white grapes?
  3. Soils?
  4. Vinification technique?
A
  1. Rose only
  2. Bourboulenc, Clairette, G. Blanc, Piquepoul Blanc
  3. Sanld, limestone, galets
  4. Mainly maceration (same as soignee except all juice is used for the rose wine)
41
Q

Ventoux AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Size?
  3. Climiate?
A
  1. Dry white, red, rose
  2. Largest of the “other” (no Cotes du Rhone) AOCs
  3. Mediterranean with Alpine influence
42
Q

Luberon AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Climate?
A
  1. Dry white, rose (over 50%), red
  2. Mediterranran with strong continental influence
43
Q

Costieres de Nimes AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Dominant grape?
  3. Climate note?
A
  1. Dry white, rose, red
  2. Syrah (unlike rest of Southern Rhone)
  3. From June to August, some of highest temps in France
44
Q
  1. Which two AOCs have villages that make sweet fortified wines?
  2. What are these fortified wines called?
A
  1. Rasteau AOC (made from Grenache), Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOC (Muscat a Petitis Grains)
  2. Vins Doux Naturels (VDN)
45
Q

RASTEAU AOC:

White VDNs:

  1. Grape requirements for BLANC (reductive)?
  2. For AMBRE (oxidative)?

RED VDNs:

  1. . Grape requirements for GRENAT (reductive), TUILE (oxidative)?
  2. What does Hors D’age mean?
  3. What does Rancio mean?

ROSE VDNs:

  1. Grape and aging requirements?
A
  1. at least 90% Grenache Blanc and/or Grenache Gris
  2. can uinclude Grenache Noir and other Grenaches making up 90%+ of the blend
  3. at least 75% Grenache Noir, all 3 Grenaches must be at least 90% of blend
  4. 5 years of oxidative aging
  5. achieved “the taste of rancio”
  6. 90% all 3 Grenaches, no aging reqs
46
Q

Muscat De Beaumes De Venise AOC:

  1. Grapes?
  2. Dominant style?
A
  1. Muscat a Pietits Grains Blacnc/Rouge
  2. White VDN (83%)
47
Q

Diois:

  1. Climate?
  2. White grapes?
  3. Rose grapes?
  4. Clairette de Die AOC makes what wines with what grapes?
A
  1. Continental with alpine influences
  2. Clariette, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Chardonnay, Aligote
  3. Clariette Rose
  4. Speakling white and rose. White: Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Clairette. Rose: Clairette Rose. Red: Gamay, Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge.

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