Bourgogne Flashcards
1
Q
What is the climate of Bourgogne?
A
Continental with Atlantic influence in far North and Mediterranean influences in the far South
2
Q
What river runs east of the most of the Bourgogne regions? Does it influence the climate?
A
Saône River. No
3
Q
When does harvest typically start in Macon? Chablis?
What are famous threats in Bourgogne?
A
Early Sept in Macon, Late Sept in Chablis,
Threats: Spring Frosts, Summer Hail
4
Q
Bourgogne’s oldest marine deposits/soils are in ___ and the youngest are in ____
A
Maconnais, Chablis
5
Q
How many AOCs are in Bourgogne?
A
84
6
Q
Chardonnay is the primary graps in all white wines except for which 3 regions?
A
Saint Vris, Bourzeron, Bourgogne Aligote
7
Q
What is Cesar also known as?
Where can it be used?
Is it vulnerable to frost?
What type of wines can it make?
A
Romain
Department of yonne, or blended with Pinot Noir in Irancy AOC
Yes vulnerable to frost.
Rustic, tannic, spicy reds with generous ETOH.
8
Q
What is Pinot Gris locally known as?
It is a primary grape for what types of wines?
A
Pinot Beurot
Marsannay and Bourgogne Rose wines
9
Q
Pinot Blanc is ____ used.
It is a color mutation of _____.
It crafts wines of ____
A
Rarely
Pinot Gris
Neutral white, moderate acidity, notes of apple and almond
10
Q
Where is Melon de Bourgogne used?
What are the notes?
Is it vulnerable to frost?
A
Coteaux Bourguignons and Cremant de Bourgogne
Notes of sea and citrus
No. Frost resistant
11
Q
Where is Sacy grown?
How is it used?
What are the notes/traits?
A
Rare white grape, far north of Bourgogne
Cremant de Bourgogne, Coteaux Bourguignons (planted before 2009)
High acid, low alcohol, pear notes
12
Q
Sauvignon Blanc is the primary grape of which AOC?
What grape is a pink skinned mutation of Sauvignon Blanc?
A
Saint Bris
Sauvignon Gris
13
Q
What are the top 4 grape plantings in Bourgogne?
A
Chardonnay (51%), Pinot Noir (39.5%), Aligote (6%), Gamay (2.5%)
14
Q
What tribe lived in present day Bourgogne before the Romans?
A
The Eduens (a Celtic tribe)
15
Q
What is the claim to fame for the Abbey of Citeaux?
A
Founded n 1098
Famous for cheese made by monks
16
Q
Claim to fame for Phillipe the Bold?
A
Outlawed Gamay in 1395 (why it’s not found in Cote d’Or
17
Q
Claim to fame for John the Fearless?
A
Murdered King’s brother to control the state, then was assassinated himself
18
Q
Claim to fame for Phillipe the Good?
A
- Captured Joan of Arc
2. Hospices de Beaune established during his reign
19
Q
Claim to fame for Charles the Rash?
A
Died trying to conquer Alsace and Lorraine
20
Q
Claim to fame for Hospices de Beaune?
A
Since 1859, yearly auction that is influential for setting prices
21
Q
Result of the Napoleonic Code
A
Landowners had holdings divided equally, so today some vignerons literally farm a few rows of vines in a vineyard
22
Q
What did King Louis Philippe do in 1847?
A
Granted village of Gevrey the right to add Chambertin (most famous vineyard) to its name
23
Q
What happened in 1861?
1930?
1936?
A
- Comite d’Agriculture de Beaune produced first very detailed map of vineyards in Cote d’Or
- Bourgogne boundaries legally defined for first time
- AOC legislation
24
Q
What % of Bourgogne's production is: Grand Cru AOC? Premier Cru? Village AOC? Regional AOC?
A
1%
10%
37%
52%
25
Grand Cru:
1. what appears on the label?
2. How many Grand Cru vineyards in Bourgogne?
1. Vineyard name and "Grand Cru" NOT village name. exception is Chablis
2. 33
26
Premier Cru:
1. what appears on the label?
2. What does it mean if there is no vineyard name on the label?
3. How many Premier Crus are there?
1. Vineyard name, village name, "Premier or 1er Cru"
2. Blend from more than one Premier Cru climat
3. 640->662 in 2019
27
1. How many village AOCs are there?
| 2. What is the smallest administrative unit called?
1. 44
| 2. Commune
28
Bourgogne AOC:
1. which grapes?
2. requirements for Bourgogne Gamay?
3. How many DGCs?
1. usually whites 100% chardonnay, reds 100% PN, although pinot blanc, pinot gris, and cesar (in north) can be used
2. 85%+ Gamay, grapes from Beaujolais Crus
3. 13
29
Macon AOC:
1. grapes?
2. how many DGCs?
3. requirement for Macon-Villages wines?
1. Whites 100% chardonnay. Reds PN and Gamay
2. 26 DGCs for whites, 20 for reds (Gamay used only)
3. Must be white and fomr chardonnay
30
Coteaux Bourguignons AOC:
1. General or specific?
2. White grapes?
3. Red grapes?
4. Rose grapes?
1. Most general of AOCs (can also be used by Beaujolais producers)
2. chardonnay, pinot blanc, aligote, melon
3. Gamay, PN, Cesar (north)
4. same as red + pinot gris
31
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC:
1. Usable grape colors?
2. Aging req?
3. Aging req for Eminent?
4. Aging req for Grand Eminent?
1. White or rose
2. At least 9 months on lees
3. 24 months on lees
4. 36 months on lees, 3 months in cellar, must be Brut and be at least 10% ETOH, only first 75% juice extracted from press can be used
32
Bourgogne Aligote AOC:
| 1. what is a Kir Cocktail?
Aligote + Creme de Cassis liqueur
33
Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains AOC:
| 1. Grape requirements?
1. Red or rose, at least 30% PN 15% Gamay. grapes must be vinified together
34
What is Bourgogne Mousseux?
Sparkling red wine, PN or Gamay, 9+ months on lees, 3.5 atm+ pressure.
35
Top 4 Regional AOC Production %?
1. Bourgogne AOC (39%)
2. Macon/Macon-Villages AOC (28%)
3. Cremant de Bourgogne AOC (19%)
4. Bourgogne Aligote (11%)
36
Red/white wine production % in 1986? 2019?
60/40 -> 40/60
37
Bourgogne has how many:
1. Cooperatives?
2. Negociants?
3. Estates?
4. What % is sold thru negociants?
1. 16 (called "Cave de (town name)
2. 266
3. 3577
4. 52%
38
1. What is notable about Saint-Romain vineyards?
2. Chassagne-Montrachet?
3. Chambolle-Musigny?
4. Nuits St Georges?
Set in side valley away from main cote, high elevation, so whites not rich like most Cote de Beaune, piercing acidity more like Chablis
2. East facing hillside (great exposure). ripened grapes with powerful, ruch, luxurious wines
4. East facing slope, shallow soils (roots need to dig). Known for elegance/perfume
5. Rich marly limestone/pebbly soils lead to meaty/spicy style of PN (as opposed to Chambolle)
39
1. Lieu Dit means ___
| 2. Climat is a _____
1. Named place (not necessarily wine related)
| 2. Winegrowing plot within an AOC
40
1. What is lutte raisonee?
| 2. 2 famous producers who are now biodynamic?
1. "reasoned struggle"- chemicals only when absolutely necessary
2. Domaine de la Romanee Conti, Domain Leflaive
41
What is the most common training method in Bourgogne? What method is on the rise?
1. Guyot
| 2. Cordon
42
Effects of climate change on :
1. Ripening?
2. Frost threats?
3. Hail?
1. earlier bud break, harvest about 10 days earlier.
2. New delicate growth often happens BEFORe spring frosts (esp Chablis). Counter with: straw fires (bougies), windmills, water spraying
3. 2017 "hail shield"- seeding clouds with silver oxide pellets
43
Where is machine harvesting used extensively?
2. Handpicking?
3. Both?
1. Chablis and Maconnais
2. Cote d'Or
3. Cote Challonaise
44
1. What are Bourgogne regional AOC whites usually fermented in:?
2. Maconnais and Chablis?
3. Cote d'Or/Cote Chalonnaise?
4. What is batonnage and what results from it?
1. Stainless steel tanks or 228L barrels, or both
2. Stainless steel, concrete, neutral oak casks
3. Oak common, new oak 20-50%
4. Lees stirring, leads to bready complex traits and creamy texture
45
what is premox? what are the possible causes?
white bourgogne aging too quickly
| Different clones, fully ripe fruit, less use of sulfur, less batonnage
46
What is the only village AOC to make wines of all 3 colors and AOC Rose?
Marsannay
47
1. what's happening to stems due to warmer temps for red wine?
2. how has increasing grape maturity affected ferm?
3. avg oak age time for cote d'or and chalonnaise?
1. traditionally PN is destemmed, but now some adding whole bunches to ferm (give brighter fruit flavors)
2. pump over (instead of punchdown) and shorter maceration times
3. 12-18 months
48
What is the climate of Chablis and Auxerrois?
Is it flat or hilly?
What are the main climate threats?
continental with oceanic influences
Flat with cloud cover
Spring frost and hailstorms anytime
49
1. What is the quality hierarchy in Chablis?
2. What is the local term for Chardonnay?
3. If red grapes are grown, what is the label?
1. Chablis Grand Cru -> Chablis Premier Cru -> Chablis -> Petit Chablis
2. Beaunois
3. Bourgogne AOC
50
Chablis AOC:
1. What are the soils (mainly)?
2. Is oak used?
1. Kimmeridgean marl
| 2. Usually no
51
Chablis Premier Cru:
1. Are they separate AOCs?
2. How are the vineyards positioned?
1. No, they are part of Chablis AOC
| 2. Generally on slopes with SOUTH facing exposure
52
Chablis Grand Cru:
1. Vineyards face which direction?
2. Name the 7 climats that make up the Grand Cru.
3. Is oak used?
1. SOUTHWEST
2. Les Clos, (les) Grenouilles, (les) Preuses, Blanchot, Bougros, Valmur, Vaudesir, (La) Moutonne
3. Generally yes, although new oak used sparingly
53
1. What is Kimmeridgean marl composed of?
| 2. Portlandian soil: Found where? are there fossils?
1. Soft limestone rich clay with fossiized oysters
| 2. On plateau on top of slopes. Harder soil, no fossils. lighter, fruitier, more acidic wines.
54
What are the top 6 producers in AOC in Chablis?
```
Chablis AOC 58%
Petit Chablis 19%
Chablis Premier Cru 14%
Irancy AOC 3%
Saint Bris AOC 3%
Chablis Grand Cru 2%
```
55
1. What is the most desired slope direction in the Cote d'Or?
2. What grades of wines are produced in the upper slope?
3. Middle slope?
4. Lower slope?
1. East
2. Village and 1er Cru
3. Grand Cru (for best sun and topsoil)
4. Village
56
Cote D'Or grapes used in:
1. Red wine?
2. White wine?
3. What wine is Aligote made into? Can it be used in any of the Cote D'Or AOCs?
1. Usually 100% PN, though small amounts of Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, and Pinot Blanc can also be used.
2. Usually 100% Chardonnay, but Pinot Blanc can be used.
3. Bourgogne Aligote. NO, except one climat in Morey St Denis in the Cote de Nuits.
57
1, From N->S what are the two towns that mark the Cote de Nuits?
2. What is produced at the very top of the slopes/escarpment?
3, What % of Cote de Nuits is red wine?
1. Dijon, Corgoloin
2. Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuits
3. 90%
58
What are the 2 main soil types in Cote de Nuits?
Sedimentary Limestone (eg. Marsannay), Limestone Rich Mael (e.g. Vosne Romanee)
59
Marsannay AOC:
1. Produces what wine?
2. Big claim to fame?
3. Grand Cru/1er Cru?
1. Red, dry white, rose (only AOC to produce rose)
2, Rose from PN or Pinot Gris
3. zero and zero
60
Fixin AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand Cru?
3. Up until 17th century...
1. Mainly red with a little white
2. 6,0
3. Fixin wines were better regarded than Gevrey
61
Gevrey Chambertin AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand Cru?
3. GC was whose favorite wine?
4. How big is the village appellation?
5. Which are the 2 most prestigious Grand Crus here?
1. Red wine only
2. 26 and 9
3. Napoleon
4. Largest village app. in Cote d'Or
5. (Le) Chambertin and Chambertin- Close de Beze
62
Morey St Denis AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand Cru?
3. Who does it share one Grand Cru vineyard with?
4. Which climat here can use Aligote in its whites?
5. Which vineyard here were multiple PN clones taken
6. What is in common with 4 of the 5 Grand Crus??
1. Red and white
2. 20 and 5
3. Chambolle Musigny
4. Monts Luisants
5. Clos de la Roche
6. All start with "Clos" except Bonnes Mares (this is the shared one)
63
Chambolle Musigny AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/grand cru?
3. What is notable about the wines produced here?
4. Which vineyard is one of only two Grand Cru allowed to produce both red and white wines?
1. Red only
2. 24 and 2 (one shared with Morey St Denis)
3. Delicate, "silk and lace"
4. Musigny (the other is Corton)
64
Vougeot AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/grand cru?
3. what's notable about its size?
4. What notable about Clos du Vougeot?
1. Red and some dry white
2. 4 and 1
3. Smallest wine commune, largest single Grand Cru (Clos de Vougeot)
4. 75% of entire AOC's production, only Grand Cru at bottom of a slope
65
Vosne Romanee AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand Cru?
3. Which of the Grand Crus are monopolies?
4. Which are not?
1. Red only
2. 14 and 8
3. La Romanee, Romanee-Conti, La Tache, La Grade Rue
4. Romanee Saint Vivant, Richebourg, Echezeaux, Grands Echezeaux
66
Nuits Saint Georges AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/grand Cru?
1. Reds with some dry white
| 2. 41 and zero (although St Georges vineyard is Grad Cru worthy)
67
Which 4 villages on the map do not have their own AOC but instead used the Cote de Nuits Villages designation?
Brochon (north)
| Premaux Prissey, Comblanchien, Corgoloin (south)
68
Cote De Beaune:
1. N=>S, between which two towns?
2. Slopes usually face ____
3. How is the escarpment different from Cote de Nuits?
4. What is produced at the top of the escarpment?
5. Red/white proportion?
6. Reds are generally lighter than Cote de Nuits except for which 4 areas?
7. What are the two main soil types?
1. Ladoix-Serringy, Cheilly les Maranges
2. southEAST
3. Softer, more broken
4. Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune
5. 2/3 red, 1/3 white
6. Volnay, Pommard, Aloxe-Corton, Beaune
7. Limestone Rich Marl (better for reds), Limestone (for whites)
69
Ladoix AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/grand
3. What is most of Ladoix-Serrigny wine bottled as?
1. Red and dry white
2. 11 and 2
3. Cote de Beaune Villages
70
Aloxe Corton AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand
3. 73% of this commune belongs to:
4. What is notable about village level wine from A-C?
1. Whites and reds
2. 14 and 3
3. Grand Crus Corton and Corton Charlemagne
4. More $$ than Ladoix or Pernand-Vergelesses
71
Pernand-Vergelesses AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. A large portion of PV's vineyard lie where?
1. Red, dry white
2. 8 and 3
3. Southwestern slope of Corton hill
72
Chorey les Beaune AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand
3. What is notable about the soil?
1. Red, dry white
2. 0 and 0
3. Rhoin River deposited a top dressing of alluvial limestone scree
73
Savigny les Beaune AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand:
3. What river bisects this area?
4. What are the traits of the two areas dilineated by the bisection?
5. Where is the majority of the production?
1. Red, dry white
2. 22 and 0
3. Rhoin
4. Mont Battois, south facing slopes (structured and generous wines), Bois de Noel, north facing slopes (finer, more elegant wines)
5. red, Bois de Noel
74
Beaune AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Most of the vineyards are where?
5. What is located in Beaune?
1. (Mostly) red and dry white
2. 42 and 0
3. SE facing slope west of town
4. Hospices de Beaune, home to major negociants (Jadot, Latour, Drouhin etc.)
75
Cote de Beaune AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand
3. Higher or lower than Beaune?
1. red and dry white
2. 0 and 0
3. Higher altitude
76
Pommard AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What is notable about the soil?
1. Red only
2. 28 and 0
3. High concentration of clay and active limestone (unique to Cote de Beaune, more similar to Cote de Nuits)-> more powerful wines
77
Volnay AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What are the wine traits and why?
4. In the 1300s Volnay became the most sought after Bourgogne due to who?
1. Red only
2. 29 and 0
3. More soft, supple, silky (unlike Pommard) due to less clay and more chalk in soil
4. Knights of Malta
78
Monthelie AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er?grand?
3. Why historically overlooked?
1. Mainly red with some dry white
2. 15 and 0
3. Planted with Gamay until 19th century
79
Saint Romain AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What is unique about vineyards
1. Dry white (mainly), some red
2. 0 and 0
3. In side valley at high elevation, no south or east exposure. whites have piercing acidity
80
Auxey Duresses AOC:
1. Prodcues:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Why does no one know this village?
1. Red and dry white
2. 9 and 0
3. Prior to AOC, most of its wines were bottles under Volnay, Mersault, or Pommard
81
Saint Aubin AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Where is notable about the location?
1. White (80%), red
2. 30 and 0
3. Back slope of Montrachet hill. Production has increased 600% in 40 years,
82
Mersault AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What is notable about its size and wine?
1. White (97%), red
2. 19 and 0
3. Largest wine producing village in Cote d'Or. Very high quality village level wine.
83
Puligny Montrachet AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Claim to fame
1. Mainly whites, some red
2. 17 and 4
3. More white wine Grand Crus than any other villege in Bourgogne
84
Chassagne Montrachet AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Which Grand Cru are shared with Puligny Montrachet?
1. White (2/3), red (1/3)
2. 55 and 3
3. Montrachet and Batard Montrachet
85
Blagny AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. what is uniqur about its marketing?
1. Red only
2. 7 and 0
3. Reds- Blagny. Whites- Mersault-Blagny, Mersault, or Puligny Montrachet depending where grapes are grown.
86
Santenay AOC
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Claim to fame
1. Red and dry white
2. 12 and 0
3. Area known for thermal springs
87
Meranges AOC
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What is notable about its whites?
1. Red, a little dry white
2. 7 and 0
4. No Pinot Blanc allowed
88
1. How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Beaune?
| 2. What is notable about the labels?
1. 8
| 2. Wines have the vineyard or climat on label, NOT the village name
89
Cote de Beaune Village AOC:
1. All village appellations can label their wines with this one, EXCEPT:
2. Produces:
1. Beaune, Aloxe-Corton, Pommard, Volnay
| 2. Red only
90
What Grand Crus are shared between Aloxe Corton, Ladoix-Serrigny and Pernand Vergelesses/.
Corton Charlemagne, Corton
91
What Grand Crus are only in Puligny Montrachet (not shared)
Chevalier Montrachet, Bienvenues Batard Montrachet
92
1. Cote Chalonnaise is named for what town?
2. What direction do the CC slopes face? How are the slopes different from the Cote d'Or?
3. What is the climate? how is it different from teh Cote d'Or?
1. Chalon-sur-Saone
2. East. Slopes not continuous, more a series of hills, so vineyards have more varied orientations
3. Continental. Cooler because less shelter from west winds.
93
1. What are the 2 main soil types of Cote Chalonnaise?
1. Limestone Rich Marl, Sandy Marl (from Givry southwards)
94
50% of Cote Chalonnaise is sold under _____, the other under _____
Regional appellations, village AOCs.
95
Bouzeron AOC:
1. Produces:
2. If Chardonnay and PN are made here, how are they labelled?
1. White only (Aligote)
| 2. Bourgogne or Bourgogne Cote Chalonnaise
96
Rully AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What are the mainstay styles of wine in this AOC?
1. Whites (Chardonnay), reds (PN or Pinot Gris
2. 23 and 0
3. Cremant (big time) and mousseux
97
Mercurey AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. Claim to fame?
1. Whites, reds (75%)
2. 32 and 0
3. Name from the Roman god. Largest town in CC. Produces more wine than any other village AOC here.
98
Givry AOC:
1. , Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
1. Whites, reds
| 2. 23 and 0
99
Montagny AOC:
1. Produces:
2. 1er/Grand?
3. What is notable about the Cave des Vigenerons de Buxy?
1. Dry whites only (Chardonnay)
2. 49 and 0
3. 65% of Montagny's total production, one of the first coops to pay for grapes based on quality rather than quantity.
100
1. What wine region is south of Macconais?
2. Climate?
3. What are the wines like in general compared to the rest of Bourgogne?
4. Soil types?
1. Beaujolais
2. Continental with Mediterranean influence
3. Fruitiest of the regions
4. Limestone and Marl (similar to Cote d'Or), Granite/Schist (in the south, similar to Beaujolais)
101
1. What % of Maconnais is sold under regional appellations?
1. 80%
102
Macon AOC:
1. Production?
2. How many Macon DGCs are there for white? red?
1. Whites (always 100% Chardonnay), reds and roses from PN and Gamay
2. 26 and 20 (Gamay only)
103
Pouilly Fuisse AOC:
1. Production?
2. This AOC covers which 4 villages/communes?
3. How are the soils? Are barrels used?
1. Whites from Chardonnay
2. Chaintre, Fuisse, Solutre-Pouilly, Vergisson
3. Similar to Cote d'Or. Barrel aging common.
104
Saint Veran AOC:
1. Production?
2. Claim to fame?
1. White (Chardonnay)
| 2. Part of Beaujolais until 1971 (sold as Beeaujolais Blanc)
105
View Clesse AOC:
| 1. Production?
1. Mostly dry white (Chardonnay) with a little late harvest (Levroute)
106
Macconais AOC production top 3? (remember regional is 80%)
Pouilly Fuisse (38%), Saint Veran (37%), View Clesse (22%)
107
1. Bourgogne sits on top of what geographical feature?
| 2. What is the primary grape of Saint Bris?
Paris Basin
| Sauvignon Blanc
