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FWS Soggywaffle > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q
  1. N-S, E-W dimensions of BDX?
  2. Entre Deux Mers is between which 2 rivers?
  3. Climate?
  4. What barrier is in the far southwest? what does it protect against?
  5. avg rain?
  6. hazards?
A
  1. 63 miles n->s, 78 mi e->w
  2. Dordogne, Garonne
  3. Maritime (Atlantic Gulfstream moderates temps)
  4. Les Landes forest defends against ocean winds, storms, and san dunes
  5. 37”
  6. frost in spring, hail in summer, humidity
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2
Q
  1. General topography traits of: left bank, EDM, right bank

2. What soil type is on the left bank and parts of EDM? what about the right bank (and EMD hills)?

A
  1. Gravel mounds, significant slopes, string of small hills

2. Gravel and sand, clay/limestone

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3
Q
  1. The Romans discovered the ____ tribe and the town of ____ in modern day BDX.
  2. This area was important for ____
A
  1. Bituriges Vivisci tribe, town of Burdigala

2. Tin and lead mining

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4
Q
  1. BDX’s first Golden Age was ushered in by what event?

2. What was different about BDX’s wine scene compared to other areas of France at this time?

A
  1. Eleanor of Aquitane married Henry Plantagenet (future Henry II) in 1152
  2. Not controlled by religious orders- BDX wine trade secular and commercial (with England)
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5
Q
  1. What occurred between 1337-1453?
  2. Why did the Dutch want white wine?
  3. What did Dutch engineers do in the 17th century?
A
  1. Hundred Years War
  2. To distill in brandy (eau de vie)
  3. Drained the Medoc, exposing the gravel so vines could grow
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6
Q
  1. What characterized Bordeaux’s Second Golden Age?

2. What trend did Haut Brion start?

A
  1. Expansion of BDX’s wine market to include new British and Dutch colonies in the 1700’s
  2. Building a chateaux surrounded by their vineyards
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7
Q
  1. Who was spared in BDX during French Revolution and who was not?
  2. Who rekindled ties with England and when?
A
  1. Chateaux spared, merchants (esp foreign ones) were not. Wine trade almost ended by 1850.
  2. Napoleon III, 1852
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8
Q
  1. What is another name for powdery mildew? When did it appear in BDX? What combats it?
  2. What is another name for downy mildew? When did it appear in BDX? What combats it?
  3. When did phylloxera appear in BDX?
A
  1. Oidium, 1852, sulfur sprays
    2 Peronospera, 1880, copper-sulfate “Bordeaux mixture
  2. 1860s (prompted shift to red grapes)
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9
Q
  1. What natural disaster occurred in 1956?

2. What grape was decimated? Which grape replaced it?

A

1, Winter/freeze

2. Cot, Merlot

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10
Q
  1. What two men had big influence on BDX?
A
  1. Emile Peynaud (professor of Oneology at U of BDX), Robert Parker
    launched the 3rd Golden Age
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11
Q
  1. What % of BDX wine is sold thru negociants?
  2. Most grand chateus sell via which mechanism? Each stage of selling increases or decreases in price?
  3. What % of BDX is consumed in France?
A
  1. 70%
  2. futures, increases
  3. 56%
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12
Q
  1. How many cooperatives in BDX? cooperative unions?

What % of BDX wine due cooperatives bottle per year?

A
  1. 29, 3

2, 23%

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13
Q
  1. What happened for 2009 and 2010 vintages?

2. What do most big chateaux do these days as a result?

A
  1. heavily oversold en primeur, resale prices crashed

2. Retain more of their production and cellar it themselves for later release

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14
Q

What natural disasters happened in:

  1. 2013?
  2. 2017?
  3. 2018?
A
  1. Hail
  2. Severe frost (-40%)
  3. More hail
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15
Q
  1. What are the primary white grapes of BDX?
  2. What other 4 white grapes are allowed? what are the 2 new grapes approved?
  3. What is the Rose grape in BDX?
A
  1. Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle
  2. Colombard, Merlot Blanc, Mauzac Blanc, Ugni Blanc
    Alvarinho, Liliorila
  3. Sauvignon Gris
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16
Q
  1. What is the most widely planted grape in BDX?
  2. What region does Cab Franc play a big role in?
  3. Cab Franc also is the backbone of the red blends in which region?
  4. Where is Cot found in DBX?
  5. What does Petit Verdot add to a BDX blend?
  6. Why was Carmenere not planted widely after phlox?
  7. What are the 4 newly approved BDX red grapes?
A
  1. Merlot
  2. St. Emilion
  3. the Cotes
  4. Bourg, Blaye, EDM
  5. Tannin, color, elegance, spice
  6. Late ripening
  7. Arinarnoa, Castets, Marselan, Touriga Nacional
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17
Q
  1. Top 5 grape production in BDX?
A

Merlot (59%), CS(20%), Cab Franc (8%), Semillon (5%), Sauvignon Blanc (5%),

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18
Q
  1. What are the two main vine training methods in BDX?
  2. Planting density is generally ___ for less fertile soil in the Medoc.
  3. With global warming the trend is to ___ plating density. Also instead of drainage pipes, now need ___
  4. How does climate change affect budbreak?
A
  1. Taille medocaine, Guyot (single or double)
  2. Higher
  3. Reduce
  4. Draught resistant rootstocks
  5. Start earlier (so less winter pruning to delay budbreak)
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19
Q

What are the differences between Moelleux and Liquoreux sweet wine?

A

Moelleux: Can be handpicked but not always sorted (so can be mix of botyris and sound grapes)
Liquoreux: Must be handpicked- botyris only (harvest 6-8 weeks)

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20
Q
  1. What is Pigeage?
  2. What is Remontage?
  3. What is Delestage?
A
  1. Punchdown
  2. Pump Over
  3. Rack and Return (not desireable)
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21
Q
  1. How is Clairet winemaking different from red?

2. Roses can be made via which methods?

A
  1. Same, only maceration on skins is only 24-36 hours

2. Saigness method or slow press method

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22
Q

Bordeaux AOC:

  1. What grapes for Bordeaux Rouge? What are most wines like?
  2. What grapes for BDX Clariet? How is it made?
  3. What grapes for BDX Rose? How is it made?
A
  1. All 10 red grapes (6+4 new ones), blends based on Merlot, light tannin, best drunk young
  2. All 10 grapes, maceration 24-36 hours, wine bled off skins (saignee method)
  3. All 10 grapes plus possibly Semillon and Sauv Blanc and Gris. Always dry, made via saignee method, maceration time even shorter than clariet
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23
Q

Bordeaux AOC:

  1. What grapes for BDX Blanc Sec?
  2. What grapes for BDX Moelleux? Is selective sorting mandated?
  3. What does Haunt Benauge DHC make?
A
  1. All the white grapes (including the new ones) except Mauzac Blanc. Sauv Gris as wel. Sauvignon Blanc is the main grape
  2. All whites except Alvarinho. No
  3. Dry, semi sweet whites (Sauv Blanc and Semillon)
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24
Q

Bordeaux Superieur AOC:

  1. Red BDX Sup must be aged for how long? Which grapes?
  2. White BDX Sup must be made in what style? What are grape requirements? What grape is not allowed?
A
  1. At least until June 15th of year following harvest. Same red grapes as BDX AOC.
  2. Moelleux, at least 70% of the 3 primary white grapes, no Alvarinho
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25
Q

Medoc:

  1. What grapes allowed?
  2. What moderates the temps?
  3. Main soil type?
A
  1. CS, Merlot, plus the other 4 (Cab Franc, PV, Cot, Cermanere
  2. Gironde estuary
  3. Gravel mounds on limestone
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26
Q

Graves:

  1. What type of wines?
  2. Claim to fame?
  3. Soils?
  4. What protects the area from the ocean effects?
A
  1. Red AND white (unusual for this region)
  2. Where first vineyard were planted in BDX
  3. Gravel mounds
  4. Les Landes Forest to west
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27
Q

Sauternais:

  1. What creates the localized mist and thus damp mornings?
  2. What are red wines labeled as? dry whites?
A
  1. Cooler waters of Ciron River meet warmer waters of Garonne River.
  2. BDX or BDX Superieur AOC, BDX AOC
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28
Q

Entre deux Mers:

  1. Sits between which rivers?
  2. What is the dominant grape and most AOCs make what?
A
  1. Dordogne and Garonne

2. Sauv Blanc, most make dry and sweet white wines

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29
Q

Libournais:

  1. How many AOCs? What do they make?
  2. Which grapes used? What is the exception?
A
    1. Only reds

2. All 6 main reds except Pomerol cannot use Carmenere

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30
Q

The Cotes:

  1. What is it exactly?
  2. Soil types?
  3. What are the 2 most important grapes?
A
  1. Grouping of vineyard areas that slope towards the rivers or Gironde estuary
  2. Mainly clay and limestone
  3. Merlot, Cab Franc
31
Q

Medoc AOC:

  1. Location?
  2. Soils?
  3. Main grape?
A
  1. Northern 3rd of the Medoc vineyard region
  2. More clay and limestone, less gravel
  3. Merlot
32
Q

Haut Medoc AOC:

  1. Location?
  2. Soils?
  3. What are many wines in this area classified as?
A
  1. Southern 2/3 of Medoc region (other than 6 commune AOCs)
  2. Mainly gravel
  3. Cru Bourgeois
33
Q

Saint Estephe AOC:

  1. Soil and weather?
  2. Grape traits?
A
  1. Higher clay percentage. Also windier and colder

2. Higher Merlot percentage compared to other Medoc communes

34
Q

Paulliac AOC:
1, Soil?
2. Grapes and wine notes?
3. How many classified growths and Premier Cru Classes?

A
  1. Gravelly soil with great drainage
  2. Mainly CS. Hallmark note of dusty cocoa
  3. 17, 3 (out of 5)
35
Q

Saint Julien AOC:

  1. Soil?
  2. Grapes and wine notes?
A
  1. Well drained gravel mounds over clary, marl, iron-pan

2. CS, note of chocolate and cherry (most Californian)

36
Q

Margaux:

  1. Soil?
  2. Wine notes?
  3. How many Premier Cru Classes?
A
  1. More sand below the gravel
  2. Considered most delicate and perfumed/elegant of Medoc communes
  3. One
37
Q

Listrac Medoc AOC:

  1. Soil?
  2. Grapes?
  3. Wine traits?
  4. Climate?
A
  1. More clay, limestone, sands
  2. Merlot dominates
  3. Heavier and denser with less fragrance
  4. Cooler with less influence from Gironde
38
Q

Moulis en Medoc AOC:

  1. Soil?
  2. Climate?
  3. Grapes?
A
  1. Varied, higher content of clay and marls
  2. Cooler with less influence from Gironde
  3. Merlot dominant
39
Q

Graves:

  1. What grapes used?
  2. What are the regions in the Sauternais sub regions?
  3. Soils in Graves? Sauternais?
A
  1. White: Sauv Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle. Rose: Saub Gris. Red: The 6 (CS, Merlot, CF, PV, Cot, Carmenere
  2. Sauternes, Barsac, Cerons
  3. Gravel mounds. Gravels mixed with clay, limestone, marls, sand
40
Q

Graves AOC:

  1. Grapes/Styles?
  2. What % is red?
A
  1. Red blends based on CS and DRY whites based on SB and Semillon
  2. 85% red
41
Q

Gaves Superieures AOC:

  1. Grapes/styles?
  2. Minimum sweetness?
A
  1. Semi sweet whites from entire Graves area
    Sem, SB, Msucadelle, Sauv Gris
  2. 3.4%
42
Q

Pessac Leognan AOC:

1. Grapes/styles?

A
  1. CS based reds, SB/Sem based whites (often oaked)
43
Q

Sauternes AOC:

  1. Grapes and %?
  2. What does a young Sauternes taste like?
  3. What does an aged Sauternes taste like?
  4. Soils?
A
  1. Sem (2/3), SB (1/3). Muscadelle out of fashion.
  2. Apricot, pineapple, honey, almond
  3. Dried apricot, grilled pineapple, spice, nuts
  4. Gravel, clay, limestone, marl, sand
44
Q

Barsac AOC:

  1. Lies left of which river?
  2. Features of soil/vineyards?
  3. Distinctive taste feature?
  4. Labeling feature?
A
  1. Ciron
  2. Clay limestone plateau, vineyards bordered by low stone walls
  3. Lemony freshness (perhaps from limestone)
  4. Barsac producers can label as Sauternes if they want
45
Q

Cerons AOC:

  1. How is it different from Sauternes and Barsac?
  2. Soil comparison?
  3. Labeling notes?
A
  1. Higher yields
  2. High gravel and sand content
  3. Can label dry reds and whites as Graves, semi-sweet whites as Graves Superieures
46
Q

Entre deux Mers:

  1. How many AOCs?
  2. Main style? Which is main grape?
  3. What does EDM mean?
  4. Soils?
A
  1. 7 (we need to know only 5)
  2. Whites, SB
  3. Between two seas
  4. Alluvials near rivers, some pure gravel slopes, clay/sand and clay/limestone near plateaus and hillsides
47
Q

Entre deux Mers AOC:

  1. Style?
  2. Grapes?
  3. Produces what % of all dry white BDX?
A
  1. Dry white only
  2. Primary: Sem, SB, Muscadelle Secondary: Colombard, Mauzac, Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc, SG
  3. 25%
48
Q

EDM Haut Benauge DGC:

  1. What is it?
  2. Style?
A
  1. DHC of EDM AOC

2. Dry whites from same grapes as EDM

49
Q

BDX Haut Benage DGC:

  1. What is it?
  2. Style?
A
  1. Covers same territory as EDM Haut Benauge

2. Dry and semi sweet

50
Q

Cadillac AOC:

  1. Directly across the __ River from Sauternes
  2. Types of wine? %?
  3. Same microclimate as Sauternais, but what crucial difference?
A
  1. Garonne
  2. . Sweet white. 6.1% (different from other AOCs around it)
  3. Less morning mist (less noble rot potential)
51
Q

Loupiac AOC:

  1. Across from what river?
  2. Type of wine? Grapes? %?
A
  1. Garonne
  2. Sweet white. Sem/SB/Muscadelle. Rose: SG, 4.5%
    Also less morning mist
52
Q

Sainte Croix du Mont AOC:

  1. Across from what river?
  2. Types of wine? grapes? %?
  3. Why is it more prestigious than Cadillac AOC and Loupiac AOC?
A
  1. Garonne
  2. Sweet white. Sem/SB/Muscadelle. Rose: SG. 4.5%.
  3. Greater gravel concentration in soils
53
Q

Graves de Vayres AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Grapes?
  3. Which river deposited the “pebbles” in the gravel beds?
  4. Most production is red or white?
  5. Whites can have up to 35% of which grape?
A
  1. Dry white, RED, semi sweet white
  2. White: Sem, SB, Msucadelle AND Merlot Blanc
    Rose: SG. Red: The big 6
  3. Isle River
  4. Red
  5. Merlot Blanc
54
Q

The Libornais:

  1. on the right bank of what river?
  2. how many AOCs?
  3. what styles?
  4. Primary grapes?
  5. Secondary grapes?
A
  1. Dordogne
  2. 10
  3. red wine only
  4. Merlot, CF, CS, Cot
  5. PV, Carmenere (not permitted in Pomerol)
55
Q

Saint Emilion AOC:

  1. Most soils are?
  2. Also two areas of ___ ___ soils
  3. Wine note features of limestone? sand? flavor similar to Pomerol?
A
  1. limestone and clay with pockets of sand along rivers
  2. Iron rich soils (Chateau Figeac and Chateau Cheval Blanc)
  3. High acidity/polished tannins (limestone)
    fruit forward (sand), velvet tannins, walnut, prune (Pomerol like)
56
Q

Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOC:

  1. Requirements for Grand Cru AOC status
  2. More or less production thatn Saint Emilion AOC?
A
  1. lower yields, higher minimum ETOH, bottled at chateau, 2 tastings before/after mandatory 1 year aging period
  2. More (3x +)
57
Q

Pomerol AOC:
1. Grapes?
2, Soils?

A
  1. All BDX grapes except Camenere

2. Iron rich

58
Q

Lalande de Pomerol AOC:

1. How do wines compared to Pomerol?

A
  1. Less aromatic, less structure, more bright berry fruit
59
Q

Fronsac AOC:

  1. Location?
  2. Soils?
  3. Main grapes?
A
  1. West of Isle River
  2. Clay/limestone
  3. Merlot/CF
60
Q

Canon Fronsac AOC:

  1. Location?
  2. Soils?
  3. Main grapes?
A
  1. West of Isle River
  2. Clay/limestone
  3. Merlot/CF
61
Q

Cotes de Bordeaux AOC:

  1. Common themes among these regions?
  2. What wine styles?
  3. Main red grapes?
  4. White grapes in the DGCs?
A
  1. All produce similar style wines, vineyards all slope to rivers or Gironde estuary
  2. RED only (but 3 of its DGCs also make white and 2 make sweet)
  3. Merlot, CF, CS, Cot (PV, carmenere can be used)
  4. Sem, SB, Muscadelle (also can use Colombard, Ugni Blanc, SG)
62
Q

Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DGC:

  1. Red styles? what % is red production?
  2. White grapes?
A
  1. Merlot based blends, 40%

2. Sem, SB, Muscadelle, (also Colombard, Ugni Blanc, SG)

63
Q

Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Soils?
A
  1. Red wines only

2. Clay and limestone dominant (Merlot), with pockets of gravel (CS)

64
Q

Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Soils?
A
  1. Red wines only

2. Clay (wines 70-80% Merlot)

65
Q

Francs Cotes de Bordeaux DGC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Soils?
  3. Minimum sweetness of sweet whites?
A
  1. Red, dry/sweet whites (production overwhelmingly red)
  2. Limestone (CF)
  3. 5.1%
66
Q

Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux DGC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Sweetness levels?
A
  1. Red, dry/semi-sweet/sweet whites

2. Semi sweet: 1.7-4.5% Sweet 5.1%+

67
Q

Blaye AOC:

  1. Styles?
  2. Grapes?
  3. Minimum grape requirement?
A
  1. Red only
  2. Main: Merlot, CF, CS. Also PV, Carmenere, Cot
  3. At least 50% Merlot, CF, CS
68
Q

Cotes de Blaye AOC:

1. Claim to fame?

A
  1. hardly ever used or seen, in transition
69
Q

Bourg AOC:
1. what are the other 2 official AOC names for Bourg AOC?
2, Red grapes?
3. White grapes?
4. What are the dominant red and white grape?

A
  1. Cotes de Bourg, Bourgais AOC
  2. The big 6 except Carmenere
  3. The big 3 plus Colombard
  4. Merlot (65%), SB (40%)
70
Q

1855 Classification:

  1. Only included chateaux in the ___ and ___, with the one exception being ____ in ____
  2. Which Chateau was promoted from a Deuxieme Cru to a Premier Cru in 1973?
  3. What are the classifications for sweet whites?
A
  1. Medoc, Sauternes, Haut Brion in Graves
  2. Mouton Rothschild
  3. Premier Cru Superieur (d’Yquem only), Premier Cru, Deuxieme Cru
71
Q

Cru Bourgeois:

  1. How many chateaux ranked via how many levels?
  2. How often are the rankings reviewed?
A
  1. 249, CB Exceptionnels, CB Superieurs, CB

2. every 5 years

72
Q

Cru Artisan:

  1. Criteria?
  2. How many?
A
  1. small estates, entirely responsible for own red wine production vineyard->bottle
  2. 36
73
Q

Graves Classification:

  1. Claim to fame?
  2. How many wines? How is this status reflected on label?
A
  1. Ranks wines, not the estates

2. 13 refd 9 white, Grand Cru Classe de Graves

74
Q

Saint Emilion Classification:

  1. How many estates?
  2. What are the levels called?
A
  1. 82

2. Premiers Grand Crus Classes A, Permiers Grand Crus Classes B, Grand Crus Classes

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