rhinology Flashcards
Where in the nose is the most common area for discharge and infection
Middle meatus
What is the worry when a polyp is red, irregular and unilateral in the nose
Tumour
What is the treatment for acute rhinosinusitis
Conservative treatment
If antibiotics required, give B lactams such as penicllin or Macrolides like erythromycin
What bacteria usually cause acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
S. pneumonia
H. influenzae
What is the diagnostic criteria for chronic sinusitis
2 of the following for at least 12 weeks :
- Nasal obstruction
- Nasal drainage
- Facial pain
- Anosmia - loss of smell
- Evidence on physical exam
What is the treatment of an ethmoidal mucocele
The mucus is building up and not draining which pushes one eye downwards - treat with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and drain the mucocele
What key investigations are done for polyps
RAST / skin testing
CT scan
What is the treatment for nasal polyps
Oral and nasal steroids - also required after surgery to prevent polyp coming back
Surgical - polypectomy or endoscopic sinus sergery
What is hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Weakness in the blood vessels - had lesions on lips and tongue which appear like blood vessels being damaged
What is the treatment for significant nose bleeds
Nasal packs
Surgical:
- endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation
- Anterior/posterior ethmoidal ligation
- External carotid artery ligation
