RHINITIS Flashcards
Rhinitis – also known as
coryza
Refers to group of disorders characterized by inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose.
RHINITIS
RHINITIS Refers to group of disorders characterized by inflammation and irritation of the ____ of the nose.
mucous membranes
The inflammation is caused by ___,_______,_____
RHINITIS
The inflammation is caused by virus , bacteria and fungi.
RHINITIS Characterized by______ AND _______ and a seasonal allergy usually causes it.
stuffiness and runny nose
RHINITIS Characterized by stuffiness and runny nose and a ______ usually causes it.
seasonal allergy
______ AND ______ are the most common causes of rhinitis.
Colds and allergies
2 TYPES OF RHINITIS
SEASONAL
PERENNIAL
allergies usually occur during the spring season and fall season and are typically in response to outdoor allergens like polens.
SEASONAL RHINITIS
allergies can occur all year round or at any time during the year in response to indoor substances like dust mites and pet dander.
PERENNIAL RHINITIS
CLASSIFICATION OF RHINITIS
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
NON-ALLERGIC RHINITIS
inflammation of the inside of the nose caused by allergens , such as pollen ,dust , mold or flakes of skin from certain animals
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
usually afflicts adults and causes year round symptoms especially runny nose and nasal congestion.
Non allergic
Non allergic rhinitis differs from allergic rhinitis because the ______- is not involved.
immune system
Rhinitis may be caused by a variety of factors :
- Changes in temperature or humidity
- Odors , infection , age , systemic disease
- Use of over the counter drugs and prescribed nasal decongestant, and presence of a foreign body
Allergic rhinitis may occur with exposure to allergens such as;
- Food (e.g., peanuts, walnuts, brazil nuts ,wheat shellfish, soy ,cow’s milk , and eggs)
- medications (e.g., penicillin , sulfa medications , aspirin and others with the potential to produce an allergic reaction,)
- particles in the indoor and outdoor environment.
common cause of non allergic rhinitis
Common cold
may occur with antihypertensive agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers , “statins” such as atorvastatin (Lipitor)and simvastatin(Zocor), antidepressants , aspirin , and some antianxiety medications.
Drug-induced rhinitis
Common Indoor Allergens that can cause rhinitis:
1.Dust mites feces
2.Dog dander
3.Cat dander
4. Cockroach droppings
5.Molds
Common Outdoor Allergens that can contribute to rhinitis are:
1.Trees (e.g.,oak , elm , western red cedar , ash , birch , sycamore , maple, walnut , cypress)
2.Weeds(e.g., ragweed , tumbleweed , sagebrush , pigweed , cockle weed , Russian thistle)
3.Grases(e.g., timothy , orchard , sweet vernal , Bermuda , sour dock , redtop , blue grass
4. Molds ( Alternaria , Clasdosporium , Aspergillus)
Pharmacologic management:
Medication therapy for allergic and non allergic rhinitis focuses on symptom relief like;
1.Antihistamines – relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis by blocking the action of a chemical called histamine , which the body releases when think it’s under attack from an allergen.
2.Corticosteroids- help reduce inflammation and swelling.
relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis by blocking the action of a chemical called histamine , which the body releases when think it’s under attack from an allergen.
Antihistamines
help reduce inflammation and swelling.
Corticosteroids
The following can increase a person’s risk of developing hay fever:
- Having other allergies or asthma.
- Having a condition called atopic dermatitis or eczema, which makes skin irritated and itchy.
- Having a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with allergies or asthma.
- Living or working in an environment that constantly exposes someone to allergens — such as animal dander or dust mites.
- Being exposed to smoke and strong odors that irritate the lining of the nose.
- Having a mother who smoked during the first year of life.
Problems that may go along with hay fever include:
-reduced quality of life
-poor sleep
-worsening asthma
-sinusitis
-ear infection
tests for hay fever
Allergy blood test.
Skin prick test
Medicines for hay fever
Nasal corticosteroids
Nonprescription nasal sprays
Prescription nasal sprays that combine an antihistamine with a steroid
Antihistamines
Oral antihistamines available without a prescription
Nonprescription eye drops
Nonprescription nasal sprays
Prescription nasal sprays
Allergy blood test.A blood sample is sent to a lab to measure the immune system’s response to a specific allergen. This test measures the amount of allergy-causing antibodies in the bloodstream, known as
immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.
Skin prick test.Small amounts of material that can trigger allergies are pricked into patches of skin on the arm or upper back. A medical professional then watches the skin for an allergic reaction. If someone has an allergy, a raised bump called a _________forms at the site of that allergen.
hive
