ASTHMA Flashcards
is achronic inflammatory disease of the airwaysthat causes airway hyperresponsiveness, mucosaledema, and mucus production.
Asthma
is considered the most common chronic disease of childhood and is a disruptive disease that affects school and work attendance.
Asthma
When the mast cells are activated, it releases several chemicals called
mediators
Asthma affects more than ____ people in the United States.
22 million
Asthma accounts for more than ____ hospitalizations annually.
497, 000
The total economic cost of asthma exceeds $____.
27.6 billion
factors that influence the development of asthma
Allergy
Chronic exposure to airway irritants
Exercise
Stress/ Emotional upset
Medications
Clinical Manifestations of asthma
Cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Asthma attacks frequently occur at ___ or in the ____.
night; earlymorning
In asthma, this is frequently preceded by increasing symptoms over days, but it may begin abruptly.
asthma exacerbation
In asthma, this is when expiration requires effort and becomes prolonged.
asthma exacerbation
As asthma exacerbation progresses, _____ may occur.
centralcyanosissecondary tosevere hypoxia
In asthma exacerbation, Additional symptoms, such as ____, may occur.
diaphoresis, tachycardia, anda widened pulse pressure
asthma where maximal symptoms during exercise, absence of nocturnal symptoms, and sometimes only adescription of a “choking” sensation during exercise.
Exercise-induced asthma
In asthma, a severe, continuous reaction, ___, mayoccur. It is life-threatening.
status asthmaticus
allergic reactionsthat may be noted with asthma
Eczema, rashes, and temporaryedema
Prevention of asthma
Allergen
Knowledge
evaluiation
Complications of asthma
Status asthmaticus
Respiratory failure
Pnuemonia
Assessment and Diagnostic Findings for asthma
Positive family history
Environmental factors
Comorbid conditions
Environmental factors primarily associated with asthma
Seasonal changes, high pollen counts, mold, pet dander, climate changes, and air pollution
Pharmacologic Therapy for asthma
Short-acting beta2–adrenergic agonists
Anticholinergics
Corticosteroids
Leukotriene modifiers
Immunomodulators
These are the medications of choice for relief of acute symptoms and prevention of exercise-induced asthma.
Short-acting beta2–adrenergic agonists
This is recommended for patients who meet one or more of the following criteria: have moderate or severe persistent asthma, have poor perception of changes in airflow or worsening symptoms, have unexplained response to environmental or occupational exposures, or at the discretion of the clinician or patient.
Daily peak flow monitoring
it helps measure asthma severity and, when added to symptom monitoring, indicates the current degree of asthma control.
peak flow monitoring
