COPD

Question 1

is a condition of chronic dyspnea with expiratory airflow limitation that does not significantly fluctuate.

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 2

has been defined by The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease as “apreventableandtreatabledisease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients.”

Answer 2

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 3

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has been defined by ____ as “apreventableandtreatabledisease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients.”

Answer 3

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

Question 4

is a disease of the airways and is defined as the presence ofcoughandsputum productionforat least 3 monthsin each of2 consecutive years.

Answer 4

Chronic bronchitis

Question 5

Chronic bronchitis is also termed as

Answer 5

“blue bloaters”.

Question 6

is a pathologic term that describes anabnormal distention of airspacesbeyond the terminalbronchiolesand destruction of the walls of the alveoli.

Answer 6

Pulmonary Emphysema

Question 7

People with emphysema are also called

Answer 7

“pink puffers”.

Question 8

There are two main types of emphysema:

Answer 8

panlobular and centrilobular.

Question 9

there is destruction of the respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, and alveolus.

Answer 9

panlobular

Question 10

pathologic changes occur mainly in the center of the secondary lobule.

Answer 10

centrilobular

Question 11

In ___, the airflow limitation is both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of thelungsto noxious gases or particles.

Answer 11

COPD

Question 12

leads to loss of alveolar attachments and a decrease in elastic recoil.

Answer 12

Alveolar wall destruction

Question 13

is thefourthleading cause ofdeathin the United States.

Answer 13

COPD

Question 14

COPD also account for the death of ____Americans every year.

Answer 14

125, 000

Question 15

Mortality from COPD among men has increased, and in 2005, more men than women died of COPD. T or F

Answer 15

F

Question 16

Causes of COPD includes environmental factors and host factors. These includes:

Answer 16

Smoking
Occupational exposure
Genetic abnormalities

Question 17

Clinical Manifestations COPD

Answer 17

Chroniccough
Sputum production
Dyspnea on exertion
Dyspnea at rest
Weight loss
Barrel chest

Question 18

means a broad, deep chest that resembles the shape of a barrel

Answer 18

barrel chest

Question 19

This is the singlemost cost-effectiveintervention to reduce the risk of developing COPD and to stop its progression.

Answer 19

Smoking cessation

Question 20

There are two major life-threatening complications of COPD:

Answer 20

respiratory insufficiency and failure.

Question 21

Assessment and Diagnostic Findings COPD

Answer 21

Health history
Pulmonary function studies
Spirometry
ABG
Chest x-ray
CT scan
Screening for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
Pulmonary function tests
DLCO test
Bronchogram
Lung scan
Complete blood count
Blood chemistry
Sputum culture
Cytologic examination
Electrocardiogram
ExerciseECG,stresstest

Question 22

is first-line therapyand involves identifying the best medications or combinations of medications taken on a regular schedule for a specific patient COPD

Answer 22

Optimization ofbronchodilatormedications

Question 23

Pharmacologic Therapy of COPD

Answer 23

Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy,antibioticagents,mucolyticagents, antitussive agents,vasodilators, andnarcotics.

Question 24

Management of Exacerbations COPD

Answer 24

Hospitalization
Oxygen therapy
Antibiotics

Question 25

Patients with COPD also have options forsurgeryto improve their condition.

Answer 25

Bullectomy
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Lung Transplantation

Question 26

is asurgicaloption for select patients withbullous emphysemaand can help reduce dyspnea and improve lung function.

Answer 26

Bullectomy

Question 27

is apalliativesurgeryin patients with homogenous disease or disease that is focused in one area and not widespread throughout the lungs.

Answer 27

Lung volume reductionsurgery

Question 28

is a viable option for definitive surgical treatment of end-stage emphysema.

Answer 28

Lung transplantation

Question 29

is used to evaluateairway obstruction, which is determined by the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity.

Answer 29

Spirometry