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Yr1 > Rheumatology > Flashcards

Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is rheumatology?

A
  • The medical management of musculoskeletal disease
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2
Q

What is inflammation?

A
  • Reaction of microcirculation

- Movement of fluid and WBCs into extra-vascular tissues

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3
Q

What are the 4 pillars of inflammation?

A
  • Rubor
  • Dolor
  • Calor
  • tumour
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4
Q

What is spondyloarthritis (SpA)?

A
  • A group of over-lapping conditions that are all associated with tissue type HLA B27
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5
Q

What are the clinical features of SpA?

A
  • inflammatory arthritis of skeleton (spine/rib cage)
  • Enthesitis (inflammation of ligament junction)
  • inflammation of eye
  • IBD (occasionally)
  • SPINEACHE
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6
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?

A
  • Inflammatory arthritis of the spine and rib case
  • Can lead to new bone formation
  • Starts late teens
  • Worst prognosis = male, smoker, B27+
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7
Q

What is the treatment for AS

A
  • TNFi - most beneficial drug
  • Physio (not bed rest)
  • High-dose NSAIDS
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8
Q

What is psoriatic arthritis (PSA)?

A
  • Develops in some people with psoriasis

- Distal joints mainly

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9
Q

What is dactylitis?

A
  • inflammation of tendon sheaths and joints

- Sausage digit !

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10
Q

How do you manage psoriatic arthritis?

A
  • Early intervention with DMARDS (sulfasalazine)

- Anti-TNF drugs

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11
Q

What is reactive arthritis (RA)?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Sterile urethritis
  • Occurs after an infection
  • Can’t climb up a tree, see a tree or wee by a tree
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12
Q

How would you treat reactive arthritis?

A
  • Clear original infection (antibiotics if STI)
  • painkillers
  • DMARDs
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13
Q

What should you be aware of when thinking about spondyloarthritis? (5)

A
  • Inflammatory back pain
  • Large joint arthritis
  • Skin psoriasis
  • IBD
  • inflammatory eye disease
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14
Q

What is crystal disease?

A
  • Rapid onset
  • Very red and hot joints
  • Relevant history - differs for gout and infection
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15
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • A disease of synovial joints
  • inflammation
  • proliferation
  • chronic and severe
  • symmetrical
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • joint pain (often worse in the morning)
  • morning stiffness
  • loss of function
  • general fatigue
  • extra-articular involvement
17
Q

How would you investigate rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • rheumatoid factor (would be positive)
  • anaemia
  • high ESR/CRP
18
Q

What is vasculitis?

A
  • Inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls with impaired blood flow
19
Q

How does vasculitis present?

A
  • No single typical presentation
  • unwell, fever, arthritis, rash
  • easily confused with other diseases
20
Q

What is giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA)?

A
  • Arteries in the temple get inflammed

- incidence increases with age

21
Q

How goes GCA present?

A
  • headache
  • scalp tenderness
  • acute blindness
22
Q

How would you treat GCA?

A
  • corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone

- steroid sparing agents e.g. methotrexate

23
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A
  • Age-related pattern of a joint in response to injury
  • All tissues of joint are involved
  • Articular cartilage most affected
24
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A
  • Age (uncommon under 45)
  • Gender
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Obesity
  • Occupation
  • SHATTERRED
25
Q

What are the symptoms of OA?

A
  • pain (lots)
  • functional impairment (walking and activities of daily living)
  • alteration in gait
  • joint swelling
  • symmetrical
26
Q

What are the radiological features of OA?

A
  • joint space narrowing
  • osteophyte formation
  • abnormalities of bone contour
  • LOSS
27
Q

How can you manage OA?

A
  • lifestyle factors
  • topical - NSAIDS and capsaicin
  • transdermal patches
  • DMARDS
28
Q

Is psoriatic arthritis more common in men or women?

A
  • Men get sponylytic subtype

- Women get rheumatoid features

29
Q

What is reiter’s syndrome?

A
  • Urethritis
  • Arthritis
  • Conjunctivitis
30
Q

What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A
  • Autoimmune disease where autoantibodies are made against a variety of autoantigens

Yr1 (13 decks)

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