Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr1 > ILA > Flashcards

ILA Flashcards

1
Q

What is piriton?

A
  • An anti-histamine which relieves the symptoms of allergies

- Can make you feel drowsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hydrocortisone cream?

A
  • A steroid medicine

- Used to treat swelling, itching and irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A
  • Heavy periods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
  • Uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common symptom of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
  • Painless swelling in a lymph node - usually in neck, armpit or groin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are other symptoms in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
  • Night sweats
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • High temperature
  • cough
  • persistent itching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name 2 common causes of generalised itching.

A
  • Contact allergy
  • Scabies
  • Atopic eczema (inflammatory)
  • pityriasis rosea
  • psoriasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 2 occasional causes of generalised itching.

A
  • Urticaria - hives
  • Jaundice
  • Iron deficiency anaemia
  • endocrine-related
  • prickly heat
  • renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a liver-function test do?

A
  • Bilirubin
  • ALT
  • AST
  • Albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a rash/itch ‘chronic’?

A
  • Presents for more than 6 weeks and is not relieved by scratching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should you think about when examining an itch?

A
  • OLDCARTS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How would you diagnose a haematological disease?

A
  • Tissue sample

- lymph node biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which drug can give itching as a side effect?

A
  • ACE inhibitors

- generalised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 types of leukaemia?

A
  • Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
  • Acute myeloid leukaemia
  • Chronic myeloid leukaemia
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some side effects of chemotherapy?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hair loss
  • infections
  • anaemia
  • sore mouth (mucositis)
  • sex/fertility issues
  • insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effects of radiotherapy?

A
  • Sore skin
  • Fatigue
  • Hair loss
  • Nausea
  • diarrhoea
  • stiff joints and muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome?

A
  • Nerves at the base of the spinal cord are squeezed together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?

A
  • Pain in back and/or legs
  • Weakness and numbness
  • Problems with bladder, bowel and sexual function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can cause cauda equina syndrome?

A
  • Disc herniation (most common)
  • L4/5 compression
  • Epidural abscess
  • trauma
  • spinal stenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for cauda equina syndrome?

A
  • Laminectomy

- Part of the vertebra is removed to open space and relieve pressure on nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is cord compression surgery?

A
  • Treats compressed nerves in the lower spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is spondylolysis?

A
  • Separation of the small bony part - fracture

- can be congenital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can you manage back pain pharmacologically?

A
  • Painkillers
  • Diazepam
  • Amitriptyline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How can you manage back pain without medication?

A
  • Exercise
  • Physiotherapy
  • CBT
  • Surgery
  • Complimentary therapies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is TENS?

A
  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

- low electric pulse that can encourage your body to produce more endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are red flags in back pain?

A
  • Recent trauma
  • unexplained weight loss
  • immunosuppression
  • IV drug use
  • osteoporosis
  • sphincter disturbance
  • duration >6 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is sciatica?

A
  • When the sciatic nerve is irritated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are symptoms of sciatica?

A
  • Pain (stabbing, burning or shooting)
  • Tingling
  • Weakness
  • Worsen on movement, and sneeze/cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a slipped disc?

A
  • When the disc between the bones of the spine pushes out

- Can cause lower back pain, numbess in area of body, neck pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is paralysis?

A
  • Loss of ability to move some or all of the body

- Can be sudden or gradual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is paraplegia?

A
  • Impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower half

- T1-L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is quadriplegia?

A
  • If all 4 limbs are affected by paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A
  • Heart condition that causes an irregular and abnormally fast HR
  • Symptoms include dizziness, SOB and tiredness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would you recognise atrial fibrillation?

A
  • Measure HR, it is irregular and occasionally fast

- May have noticeable heart palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the CHADVASC score?

A
  • Estimates the risk of stroke in patients with HF

- See whether need treatment with anti-coag

36
Q

What does CHADVASC stand for?

A
  • Congestive HF
  • Hypertension
  • Age
  • Diabetes
  • Stroke
  • Vascular disease
  • Sex (female)
37
Q

What are common causes of headache?

A
  • Tension headache
  • Frontal sinusitis
  • Migraine
  • Cervical spondylosis
  • Eye strain
38
Q

What is cervical spondylosis?

A
  • Age-related condition affecting joints in your neck.

- Devleops from wear and tear of cartilage and bones

39
Q

What are some causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A
  • Ruptured aneurysms
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Smoking, high BP, cocaine
40
Q

When should you treat GCA?

A
  • Immediately!
41
Q

If pregnant women complain of a headache in 3rd trimester?

A
  • Along with visual disturbance

- Impending eclampsia

42
Q

What should you remember for red flags and headache?

A
  • SNOOP
  • Systemic symptoms
  • Neurological
  • Onset
  • Onset after 40
  • Prior headache history if different
43
Q

What is TMJ dysfunction?

A
  • condition that affects movement of the jaw
44
Q

What are symptoms of TMJ dysfunction?

A
  • Pain around jaw, ear and temple
  • Clicking/grinding noises
  • Headache around temples
45
Q

What is a medication overuse headache (MOH)?

A
  • Headache occuring on at least 15dys/month

- Regularly overused with 1+ drug

46
Q

What is the management for MOH?

A
  • Withdrawal of the overused drug
47
Q

A lesion in the temporal lobe will give what symptoms?

A
  • Depersonalisation
  • Epilepsy
  • visual field defects
  • Forgetfulness
48
Q

A lesion in the frontal lobe will give what symptoms?

A
  • Anosmia
  • Change in personality
  • Dysphasia
49
Q

A lesion in the parietal lobe will give what symptoms?

A
  • Hemisensory loss

- inability to recognise objects

50
Q

A lesion in the midbrain will give what symptoms?

A
  • Unequal pupils
  • Inability to direct eyes up or down
  • Amnesia with recent events
  • Somnolence
51
Q

What are the symptoms of renal colic?

A
  • intest left-side pain
  • nausea/vomiting
  • blood in urine, foul-smelling
52
Q

How would you diagnose renal colic?

A
  • urine tests
  • blood tests (high urea and creatinine)
  • imaging - KUB
53
Q

How would kidney stones present on a CT scan?

A
  • white on CT as calcified
54
Q

What is the medication for renal colic?

A
  • Diclofenac
55
Q

What size do kidney stones need to be for surgery?

A

-5mm+

56
Q

What are staghorn stones? (3)

A
  • Made of struvite
  • commonly formed after an infection
  • need to be surgically removed
57
Q

What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

A
  • bulge in aorta which can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding
58
Q

What are the symptoms of an AAA?

A
  • pulsing sensation in stomach

- pain that doesn’t go away in stomah and lower back

59
Q

Who are most at risk from an AAA?

A
  • men 65+
  • smokers
  • high BP
  • relatives with an AAA
60
Q

In a prostate, what would be the difference in BPH and cancer?

A
  • BPH = smooth and enlarged

- Cancer = ragged

61
Q

What are bladder stones?

A
  • minerals formed inside the bladder when its not completely empty of urine
62
Q

What are some symptoms of bladder stones?

A
  • lower abdominal pain
  • pain/difficultly urinating
  • weeing more frequently
  • dark/cloudy urine
  • haematuria
63
Q

What is the treatment for bladder stones?

A
  • Surgery

- Cystolitholapaxy

64
Q

Why is an enlarged prostate an issue?

A
  • places pressure on the bladder and urethra

- affect how you urinate, cause difficulty etc.

65
Q

What is the treatment for BPE?

A
  • Lifestyle advice
  • medication including alpha-blockers e.g. doxazosin
  • surgery (TURP)
66
Q

What is TB?

A
  • bacterial infection

- spread through prolonged exposure to someone with the illness

67
Q

What is the difference between latent and active TB?

A
  • Latent = when the bacteria is in your body but you have no symptoms. Can still develop later
68
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A
  • cough >3 weeks
  • bloody phlegn
  • weight loss
  • night sweats/fever
  • tiredness/fatigue
69
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A
  • Antibiotics (6 months)

- vaccination - BCG

70
Q

What is cholecystectomy?

A
  • Gall bladder removal

- either laparoscopic (most common) or open

71
Q

What does the amylase blood test do?

A
  • Determines whether disease of pancreas by measuring levels

- high levels indicate pancreatitis, gastroenteritis, preeclampsia

72
Q

What are examples of common abdominal pain? (5)

A
  • peptic ulcer
  • biliary colic
  • appendicitis
  • gastroenteritis
  • renal colic
73
Q

What are examples of occasional abdominal pain? (4)

A
  • Cholecystitis
  • Diverticulitis
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Pancreatitis
74
Q

What does GET SMASHED stand for in relation to pancreatitis?

A
  • Gallstones, ethanol, trauma (most common)
  • steroids
  • mumps
  • autoimmune
  • scorpion sting
  • hypercalcaemia
  • ERCP
  • drug
75
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Pancreas becomes inflamed but only couple days and no permanent damage
76
Q

What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • nausea
  • vomiting/fever
  • lying down
  • Bruising (Cullen’s sign)
77
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?

A
  • Bruising around the belly button
78
Q

What is Grey-Turner’s sign?

A
  • Bilateral

- bruising of the flanks

79
Q

What happens in chronic pancreatitis?

A
  • Pancreas becomes inflamed and stays this way so doesn’t work properly
80
Q

What are the symptoms in chronic pancreatitis?

A
  • recurring
  • severe pain behind ribs/back
  • weight loss
  • back pain
  • jaundice
  • foul-smelling oily stool
81
Q

What is Murphy’s Sign?

A
  • Hand on right costal margin
  • patient inspires - if pain = likely to have gallstones and related gallbladder issues
  • only positive if left reaction is normal
82
Q

What are cholesterol stones?

A
  • Made from precipitated cholesterol
  • 75-90% gallstones
  • Cannot be seen on an x-ray
83
Q

What are bilirubin stones?

A
  • Made of unconjugated bilirubin - pigmented

- Will appear on x-ray

84
Q

What are some complications of gallstones?

A
  • Go into cystic or bile duct
  • inflammation
  • jaundice
  • pancreatitis
  • infection
85
Q

What are the symptoms of death?

A
  • pale/grey
  • systemic decrease
  • loss ability to swallow
  • restlessness
  • delirium
  • cheyne stoke breathes
86
Q

What are commonly prescribed drugs of misuse?

A
  • Opioids e.g. codeine and morphine
  • CNS depressants e.g. benzodiazepines (Xanax, valium)
  • Stimulants e.g. amphetamine
87
Q

What are common illegal drugs of misuse?

A
  • cannabis
  • cocaine
  • ecstasy
  • meth
  • depressants

Yr1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions