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Rheumatology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

tendon

A

сухожилие

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2
Q

Achilles tendon

A

Ахиллово сухожилье

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3
Q

a ligament

A

связка

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4
Q

fascia
/ˈfæʃ(i)ə/

A

фасция

соединительнотканная оболочка, покрывающая органы, сосуды, нервы и образующая футляры для мышц у позвоночных животных и человека; выполняет опорную и трофическую функции

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5
Q

necrotic fasciitis / flesh-eating disease

A

некротический фасциит

bacterial infection that results in the death of parts of the body’s soft tissue

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6
Q

plantar fasciitis / plantar heel pain

A

плантарный фасциит / подошвенный фасциоз

заболевание, обусловленное воспалительно-дегенеративными изменениями плантарной (подошвенной) фасции

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7
Q

Eosinophilic fasciitis
/ˌiːəˌsɪnəˈfɪlɪk ˌfæʃiˈaɪtɪs/

A

Эозинофильный фасциит

an inflammatory disease that affects the fascia, other connective tissues, surrounding muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Unlike other forms of fasciitis, eosinophilic fasciitis is typically self-limited and confined to the arms and legs

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8
Q

aponeurosis

A

апоневроз

широкая сухожильная пластинка, сформированная из плотных коллагеновых и эластических волокон

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9
Q

aponeurosis

A

апоневроз

широкая сухожильная пластинка, сформированная из плотных коллагеновых и эластических волокон

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10
Q

ankylosing spondylitis (AS)

енкілоузінг спонділайтіс

A

анкилозирующий спондиоартрит

type of arthritis from the disease spectrum of axial spondyloarthritis. It is characterized by long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine, typically where the spine joins the pelvis

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11
Q

axial spondyloarthritis

A

аксиальный спондилоартрит

chronic, immune-mediated disease predominantly affecting the axial skeleton (sacroiliac joints and spine)

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12
Q

sacroiliac joint / SI joint (SIJ)
/ˌseɪ.krəʊˈɪl.i.æk/

A

крестцово-подвздошный сустав

the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is strong, supporting the entire weight of the upper body

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13
Q

sacrum
/ˈseɪ.krəm/

A

крестец

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14
Q

illium

A

подвздошная кость

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15
Q

iliac crest

A

подвздошный гребень / гребень подвздошной кости

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16
Q

iliac spine

A

подвздошная ость

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17
Q

ischium
/ˈɪski.əm/

A

седалищная кость

forms the lower and back region of the hip bone (os coxae)

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18
Q

hip bone / coxal bone

A

бедренная кость

composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis

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19
Q

pubis / pubic bone

A

лобковая кость

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20
Q

pubic symphysis

A

лобковый симфиз / лобковое сочленение

расположенное по срединной линии вертикальное соединение верхних ветвей лобковых костей

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21
Q

pubic tubercle

A

лобковое возвышение

prominent forward-projecting tubercle on the upper border of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis bone

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22
Q

antiphospholipid antibody

A

антифосфолипидное антитело

antibody that attacks phospholipids (a type of fat) which
often make up the surface of cells. This antibody attacks the body’s own cells, rather than
bacteria so it is called an autoimmune antibody

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23
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome / sticky blood syndrome

A

антифосфолипидный синдром

a disorder in which the blood clots too quickly. The clotting can affect any vein or artery in the body, resulting in a wide range of
symptoms. It’s caused by an antibody that attacks the phospholipids found particularly in the
outer coating of white blood cells. APS can occur in lupus or on its own.

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24
Q

arthritis

A

артрит

disease of or damage to the joints. Although the ending – itis implies
inflammation, in some forms of arthritis there is very little inflammation present.

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25
Q

cartilage

A

хрящ

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26
Q

perichondrium

A

надхрящница

плотная васкуляризированная соединительнотканная оболочка, покрывающая хрящ растущей кости, рёберный гиалиновый хрящ, хрящи гортани и т.д. Суставной хрящ лишён надхрящницы. Надхрящница служит для роста и репарации хрящевой ткани

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27
Q

pelvic girdle

A

тазовый пояс

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28
Q

coccyx / tailbone

A

копчик

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29
Q

joint hypermobility / double-jointedness

A

дисплазия соединительной ткани

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30
Q

Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS)

A

синдром Элерса-Данло

группа наследственных системных дисфункций соединительной ткани, вызванных дефектом в синтезе коллагена

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31
Q

a joint dislocation

A

вывих сустава

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32
Q

reduction

A

репозиция

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33
Q

a sprain (mild - moderate - severe)

A

растяжение связок

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34
Q

proprioception

A

проприоцепция / кинестезия

мышечное чувство — ощущение положения частей собственного тела относительно друг друга и в пространстве

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35
Q

a strain (to a muscle/tendon) / pulled muscle / torn muscle

A

растяжение мышцы

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36
Q

platelet-rich plasma (PRP)

A

богатая тромбоцитами плазма

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37
Q

tendinitis

A

тендинит

воспаление и дистрофия ткани сухожилия, по симптоматике сходен с тендинозом, который требует, однако, другого лечения

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38
Q

tendinopathy

A

тендиноз

заболевание сухожилий и связок дегенеративно-дистрофического характера, при котором происходит их истончение, изнашивание, хрупкость. В отличие от тендинита, который сопровождается острым или подострым воспалением сухожильных волокон, при тендинозе воспаления не происходит или слабо выраженное

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39
Q

gout

A

подагра

form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. The joint at the base of the big toe is affected (Podagra) in about half of cases

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40
Q

uric acid

A

мочевая кислота

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41
Q

tophus (pl. tophi)

A

тофус

deposit of monosodium urate crystals, in people with longstanding high levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Tophi are pathognomonic for the disease gout.

42
Q

refractory chronic gout (RCG)

A

хроническая подагра, не реагирующая на лечение

43
Q

arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery)

A

артроскопия / зеркальная операция суставов

a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision

44
Q

chondrocalcinosis or cartilage calcification

A

хондрокальциноз

calcification (accumulation of calcium salts) in hyaline cartilage and/or fibrocartilage

45
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

гиалиновый хрящ

glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Hyaline cartilage is pearl-gray in color, with a firm consistency and has a considerable amount of collagen.

46
Q

fibrocartilage

A

волокнистый хрящ

consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions

47
Q

(CPPD) crystal deposition disease / pseudogout

A

псевдоподагра, кальциевая подагра

thought to be secondary to abnormal accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within joint soft tissues. The knee joint is most commonly affected.

48
Q

monoarticular / poliarticular

A

в одном суставе / в нескольких суставах

49
Q

colchicine

A

колхицин

50
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты

large family of drugs used to treat
different types of arthritis. They reduce inflammation and control pain, swelling and stiffness.
Common examples: Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac.

51
Q

Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

A

болезнь-модифицирующие антиревматические препараты

Drugs used to treat rheumatoid
arthritis and some other rheumatic diseases. DMARDs suppress the disease and reduce
inflammation. Examples of DMARDs are methotrexate, sulfasalazine and gold.

52
Q

HLA-B27 (Human leukocyte antigen B27)

A

антиген HLA-B27

специфический белок, обнаруживаемый на поверхности иммунных клеток. HLA-B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis and other associated inflammatory diseases, such as psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and reactive arthritis.

53
Q

psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

A

псориатический артрит

long-term inflammatory arthritis that occurs in people affected by the autoimmune disease psoriasis

54
Q

immunosuppressive drugs

A

иммунодепрессанты

55
Q

reactive arthritis

A

реактивный артрит

a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity).

56
Q

synovial joint

A

синовиальный сустав

join bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones’ articulating surfaces. This joint unites long bones and permits free bone movement and greater mobility

57
Q

synovial fluid

A

синовиальная жидкость

густая эластичная масса, заполняющая полость суставов. В норме прозрачная или слегка желтоватая. В организме выполняет функцию внутрисуставной смазки, предотвращая трение суставных поверхностей и их изнашивание; участвует в поддержании нормального соотношения суставных поверхностей в полости сустава, повышая их подвижность; обеспечивает питание суставного хряща; служит дополнительным амортизатором

58
Q

periosteum

A

надко́стница (перио́ст)

соединительнотканная плёнка, окружающая кость снаружи (исключая суставные поверхности). Надкостница пронизана нервами и кровеносными сосудами, которые поддерживают жизнедеятельность клеток кости

59
Q

synarthroses

A

синартрозы / сочленения

Joints that don’t move at all. These joints provide structural support.

60
Q

amphiarthroses

A

амфиартрозы / полуподвижные суставы

61
Q

diarthroses
/ˌdaɪ.ɑːˈθrəʊ.siz/

A

диартрозы / истинные суставы

These are joints you can move freely in most directions

62
Q

fibrous joints: sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

A

фиброзные суставы: швы черепа, гомфозы (Joints that hold your teeth in place in your jaw bones), синдесмозы (Joints that hold two closely related bones together in place. A syndesmosis joint keeps your tibia (shin bone) connected to your fibula (calf bone))

63
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

хрящевые суставы / хрящевые соединения

cushioned by a layer of cartilage that joins the bones together. Most cartilaginous joints have some movement, but don’t move far or in many directions.

64
Q

hinge joint

A

шарнирное соединение

Joints that open and close in one direction. Your knees and elbows are hinge joints.

65
Q

ball and socket joint

A

шаровидное соединение / шаровой шарнир

In a ball and socket joint, the rounded end of one bone fits into an indentation in another bone. They can rotate and turn in almost any direction. Your shoulders and hips are ball and socket joints.

66
Q

condyloid joints

A

мыщелковые суставы

Condyloid joints are made of two oval-shaped bones that fit together. They’re similar to ball and socket joints, except they can’t rotate in a full circle (360 degrees). Your wrist and the joints where your toes meet the rest of your foot are condyloid joints.

67
Q

pivot joint

A

цилиндрический сустав

rotate in place without moving out of their original position. A pivot joint in your neck lets your head move from one side to another.

68
Q

planar joint / plane joint / gliding joint

A

плоский сустав

Planar joints are formed when two mostly flat bones come together. They move by one piece of bone sliding over the other without rotating. The carpal bones that join your wrist to your forearm and the joints between the vertebrae in your spine are planar joints.

69
Q

saddle joint

A

седловидный сустав

Saddle joints are formed when two curved bones meet. Picture two U-shaped bones fitting together in the curved space between each other. Saddle joints can move in any direction, but can’t twist or rotate. The joint where your thumb joins your hand is a saddle joint.

70
Q

bursitis

A

бурсит

the inflammation of one or more bursae (synovial sacs) of synovial fluid in the body

71
Q

snapping scapula syndrome

A

синдром щелкающей лопатки

72
Q

tendon sheath

A

сухожильная оболочка

layer of synovial membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to stretch and not adhere to the surrounding fascia

73
Q

frontal bone

A

лобная кость

74
Q

parts of the spine

A

отделы позвоночника

75
Q

thoracic spine

A

грудной отдел позвоночника

76
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

шейный отдел позвоночника

77
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

поясничный отдел позвоночника

78
Q

sternum

A

грудина

79
Q

scapula

A

лопатка

80
Q

clavicle / collarbone

A

ключица

81
Q

humerus bone

A

плечевая кость

82
Q

radius and ulna

A

лучевая и локтевая кость

83
Q

carpal bones

A

кости запястья

84
Q

metacarpal bones

A

пястные кости

85
Q

phalanges

A

фаланги пальцев

86
Q

bones of the trunk

A

кости туловища

87
Q

curvature of the spine

A

искривление позвоночника

88
Q

femur

A

бедренная кость

89
Q

patella / kneecap

A

коленная чашечка

90
Q

tibia / shinbone

A

большая берцовая кость

91
Q

fibula / calf bone

A

малоберцовая кость

92
Q

tarsal bones

A

кости предплюсны

cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus

93
Q

metatarsal bones

A

кости плюсны

94
Q

Giant cell arteritis (GCA),
temporal arteritis

A

гигантоклеточный артериит

an inflammatory autoimmune disease of large blood vessels

95
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)

A

ревматическая полимиалгия

syndrome experienced as pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips, but which may occur all over the body. The pain can be sudden or can occur gradually over a period. Most people with PMR wake up in the morning with pain in their muscles; however, cases have occurred in which the person has developed the pain during the evenings or has pain and stiffness all day long

96
Q

leg cramps

A

судорога в ноге

97
Q

hip fracture

A

перелом шейки бедра

98
Q

callus

A

мозоль (водянистый)

99
Q

corn / clavus

A

натоптыш / сухой мозоль

100
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

синдром запястного канала

101
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

синдром запястного канала

eng-rus Medical (6 decks)

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