Rheumatology Flashcards
1
Q
Which crystal is deposited in gout?
A
Monosodium urate
2
Q
Which crystal is deposited in pseudogout?
A
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
3
Q
Name some of the cases of gout
A
- Renal impairment
- Malignancy
- Hypertension
- Alcohol
- Drugs
- Hypothyroidism
- Severe psoriasis
4
Q
What is Lesch Nyan syndrome and how does it present?
A
- X linked HGPRT deficiency
- Intellectual disability
- Aggressive and impulsive behaviour
- Self mutilation
- Gout
- Renal disease
5
Q
How can an acute flare up of gout be managed?
A
- NSAIDs
- Colchicine
- Steroids
6
Q
Give examples of drugs that lower uric acid
A
- Allopurinol
- Febuxostat
- Uricosuric agents e.g. sulphinpyrazone
- Canakinumab
7
Q
How can pseudogout be managed?
A
- NSAIDs
- I/A steroids
8
Q
How does polymyalgia rheumatica present?
A
- Sudden onset of shoulder +/- pelvic girdle stiffness
- F>M
- ESR > 45
- Anaemia
- Malaise, weight loss, fever or depression
- Arthralgia/synovitis
9
Q
How is polymyalgia rhemumatica managed?
A
- Prednisolone 15mg per day initially
- 18-24 month course
- Bone prophylaxis
10
Q
What result on a DXA scan is found in osteoporosis?
A
11
Q
Name some of the endocrine causes of osteoporosis
A
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Hyper and hypoparathyroidism
- Cushings
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Hypopituitarism
- Early menopause
12
Q
Name the rheumatic causes of osteoporosis
A
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
13
Q
Name the GI causes of osteoporosis
A
- IBD
- PBC, CAH, Alcoholic cirrhosis and viral cirrhosis
- Chronic pancreatitis, Coeliac disease, Whipples disease, short gut syndrome and ischaemic bowel
14
Q
Name some medications which cause osteoporosis
A
- Steroids
- PPI
- Anti-epileptics
- Aromatase inhibitors
- GnRH inhibitors
- Warfarin
15
Q
Name the management options for osteoporosis
A
- HRT
- SERMs
- Bisphosphonates