ENT Flashcards
1
Q
How should nasal polyps be investigated?
A
- Sweat test
- RAST/skin testing
- Nasal smear
- Coronal CT
2
Q
How can nasal polyps be treated?
A
- Oral and nasal steroids
- Immunotherapy
- Polypectomy
3
Q
How can rhinosinusitis be managed?
A
- Antibiotics (penicillins, clarithromycin etc.
- Intranasal steroids
4
Q
Which antibiotic would be used in tonsilitis?
A
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
5
Q
How does laryngeal cancer present?
A
- Persistent unexplained hoarseness
- A lump in the neck
6
Q
How does oral cancer present?
A
- Unexplained ulceration
- Lump in the neck
- A red or red and white patch in the oral cavity
7
Q
How do nasal cancers present?
A
- Blocked nose that doesn’t clear
- Nosebleeds
- Loss of sense of smell
8
Q
How do acoustic neuromas present?
A
- Sudden unilateral hearing loss
- Facial pain or numbness
- Earache
- Ataxia
9
Q
Which condition causes bilateral acoustic neuromas?
A
Neurofibromatosis type 2
10
Q
How can acoustic neuromas be investigated?
A
- Audiometric testing
- Gadolinium inhanced MRI
11
Q
How can acoustic neuromas be managed?
A
- Microsurgery
- Radiotherapy
- Observation
12
Q
How does benign paroxysmal positional vertigo present?
A
- Vertigo provoked by head movements
- Often worse on one side and in the morning
- Light-headedness and imbalance
- Nausea
- No changes to hearing
13
Q
Which test is used to confirm BPPV?
A
Dix-Hallpike test
14
Q
How can BPPV be managed?
A
- Self-limiting
- Get out of bed slowly and reduce head movements
- Epley’s manoeuvre
- Referral to secondary care if it does not resolve
15
Q
How does Meniere’s disease present?
A
- Acute attacks of vertigo, tinnitus and fluctuating hearing loss
- Unexplained falls
- Imbalance
