Paediatrics Flashcards
How does an otitis media with effusion present?
- Hearing loss
- Speech delay
- Behavioural problems
- Academic decline
- Dull TM
How can otitis externa be managed?
- Aural microsuction
- Topical antibiotics
- Water precautions
Which antibiotic would be used for a child with tonsilitis?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Which cardiac abnormalities are associated with Trisomy 21?
- AVSD
- ASD
- VSD
Which cardiac abnormality is associated with Turner syndrome?
Co-arctation of the aorta
Which cardiac abnormality is associated with Noonan syndrome?
Pulmonary stenosis
Which cardiac abnormality is associated with Williams syndrome?
Supravalvular aortic stenosis
Name the common features of innocent murmurs
- Systolic murmurs
- No other signs of cardiac disease
- Soft murmur
- Vibratory/musical
- Localised
- Varies with position, respiration and exercise
Give examples of innocent murmurs
- Still’s Murmur (LV outflow murmur)
- Pulmonary outflow murmur
- Carotid arterial bruit
- Venous hum
How does a ventral septal defect present?
- Pansystolic murmur lower left sternal edge
- Thrill
How does an atrial septal defect present?
- Wide fixed splitting of 2nd heart sound
- Pulmonary flow murmur
How is coarctation of the aorta managed?
- Re-open DA with prostaglandins
- Resection and anastomosis
- Subclavian repair patch
- Balloon aortoplasty
Name the components of a tetralogy of Fallot
- VSD
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Overriding Aorta
- RVH
How should maintenance fluids be calculated for children?
- 100ml/kg for the 1st 10kg
- 50ml/kg for the 2nd 10kg
- 20ml/kg for the rest
What antibiotic would you give to a child with sepsis?
IV cefotaxime
Name the anti-epileptic options for epilepsy in children
- Generalised: sodium valproate
- Focal: carbamazepine
- Steroids, immunoglobulins and ketogenic diet
How can migraines be managed in children?
- Pain relief and triptans
- Preventative: Pizotifen, propranolol, amitryptyline and valproate
How does duchenne muscular dystrophy present?
- Waddling gait
- Calf hypertrophy
- Elevated CK
- Cardiomyopathy
How does pyloric stenosis present and how is it managed?
- 4-12 weeks old
- Projectile non-bilious vomiting
- Dehydration or malnutrition
- Metabolic alkalosis, low K and Cl
- Fluid resus and surgery
How can GORD be managed in children?
- Gaviscon
- Feed thickener
- Prokinetic drugs
- H2 receptor blockers
- PPIs
How should meningitis be treated in children?
- Cefotaxime
- Steroids
How does Kawasaki disease present?
- Fever
- Bilateral conjunctival injection
- Cracked lips
- Strawberry tongue
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Polymorphous rash
- Changes of the extremities
How can Kawasaki disease be managed?
- Immunoglobulins
- Aspirin
- Steroids
- Immunosuppressive agents
- Cardiology assessment (coronary aneurysms)
How should hernias be managed in children?
<1yr: urgent referral and repair
->1yr: elective referral and repair
