Rh BGS (Lec) Flashcards
This is the second most important blood group system
Rh BGS
The ISBT no. of Rh BGS is __________
004
Rh BGS is discovered by ________________
Levine and stetson in 1939. It is found in serum of obstetrical Px
Rh BGS is named after ___________________
Rhesus macaque monkey red cells
If an individual is Rh (+), he/she has ____________
D Ag on RBC
Which Rh Ag is the most immunogenic?
D Ag
D > c > E > C > e
Small “d” indicates _____________
absence of D Ag
What are the nomenclatures of the Rh BGS?
Fisher-Race
Weiner
Rosenfield
ISBT
Which nomenclature is based on the theory that Ag were produced/inherited by three closely linked set of alleles, each gene was responsible for producing a product on RBC membrane
Fisher-Race (DCE)
The Weiner (RH-hr) says that ______________
gene responsible for defining RH are produced by agglutinogen that has series of blood factors which each factor is Ag recognized by Ab
The rosenfield (alpha numeric) nomenclature is -________
number is assigned to each Ag of Rh system in order of its discovery
TRUE or FALSE:
The ISBT nomenclature used 8 number designation
FALSE
It only uses 6 number designation
The Rh genes in Fisher Race are expressed _____________
codominantly
An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported as ______ rather than ________
DCE, CDE
In Fisher Race, which has the highest gene frequency?
“e”
e - D - c - C - E - d
TRUE OR FALSE:
Fisher Race and Wiener terminology can be converted to each other
TRUE
In Wiener, R and 0 refers to ________________
D
In Wiener, what represents d?
r
In Wiener, 1 and ‘ refers to ________________
C and c
In Wiener, 2 and “ refers to ________________
E and e
In Wiener, if r precedes h, it refers to ___________
C or E
In Wiener, if h precedes r, it refers to ___________
c or e
What are the rules for long hand nomenclature?
RH0 for D rh’ for C rh” for E hr’ for c hr” for e
What are the rules for short hand nomenclature?
R denotes D r denotes absence z or y denotes CE 0 or blank denotes ce 1 or ‘ denotes C 2 or “ denotes E
Rh null is written as __________
r double bar
In Rosenfield, what denotes the DCE/dce
1 = D 2 = C 3 = E 4 = c 5 = e
In Rosenfield, (-) sign indicate _________________
absence of Rh gene/Ag
In ISBT, what denotes the DCE/dce
004001: D
004002: C
004003: E
004004: c
004005: e
004006: f
Which gene produces the D Ag?
RHD gene
Which gene produces C and E Ags?
RHCE gene
Which chromosome is RHD and RHCE gene found?
Chromosome 1
This is the co-expressor gene of DCE gene
RHAG/X1r gene
The co-expressor gene of DCE gene is found in ______________
chromosome 6
TRUE OR FALSE:
The RHAG gene is part of the Rh BGS that is why it is important
FALSE
It is NOT part of the Rh BGS, because it is only a COEXPRESSOR of Ag
TRUE OR FALSE
The RHAG has its own BGS and has the ISBT no of 040
FALSE
The ISBT no is 030
What are the abnormal genes?
XOr (regulator of Rh null)
XQr (Rhmod phenotype)
r: little r double bar (silent Rh null)
What are the two types of Rh null phenotype?
Silent and regulator type
The silent Rh null is caused by _______________
inheritance of r: little r double bar
there’s no R or D Ag inherited but w/ RHAG gene
The regulator Rh null is caused by ____________________
inheritance of XorXor w/o RHAG gene
What are the signs and symptoms of Rh null phenotype individuals?
DEC: Hgb, Hct, Haptoglobin
INC: Bilirubin, HbF
Stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis
Rh Ags characteristics are: ___________
non-glycosylated proteins
integral part of RBC ,embrane
MW of 174,000
What are the functions of Rh Ag?
Cation transporters
maintain stability of RBC membrane as integral proteins
What is the difference in components of ABO and Rh Ag?
ABO has sugar in its structure, while Rh is pure proteins
This variation of D Ag is present in small amounts or it has missing parts or fragments
Weak D or Du variant
TRUE OR FALSE:
Du variant is a negative Rh type
FALSE
It is still considered as Rh-positive
What is the test required to demonstrate the presence of weak D antigens?
Antiglobulin test (AHG/Coomb’s test)
If the donor is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the donor is Rh __________
POSITIVE
If the recipient is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the recipient is Rh __________
NEGATIVE
D antigen is appear to be complete but few in number therefore it is weakly expressed, this is _____________
Genetic Weak D
What are the Rh gene variants of genetic weak D?
- Cu
- Cv
- Cw
- Eu
- Du
Genetic weak D is more commonly found among which race?
Blacks (rare in caucasians)
TRUE OR FALSE
The antigenicity strength of Weak D and normal D is the same, only the amount is different
FALSE
The Weak D Ags are less antigenic
TRUE OR FALSE:
Genetic Weak D has the ability to produce Anti-D
TRUE
A C-trans variation is caused by ___________
genes are present on different chromosome
C-trans is also known as ________________
position effect, steric suppression, gene-interaction effect
In C-trans, weakened D occurs when the C-antigen is inherited __________
trans to the D Ag
If D and C is located at the SAME locus, this is __________
cis
If D and C is located at the OPPOSITE locus, this is __________
trans
In mosaic, the remaining portion of the antigen will stimulate production of _____________
alloantibody
What are the other terms of Mosaic?
Partial D, D variant, Categories of D
Mosaic occurs when _____________
a portion of D antigen is missing (composed of 4 fragments)
This is the very rare phenotype caused by mutated D gene
Del phenotype
Del phenotype occurs when ____________
individuals inherit Rh gene complex lacking alleles
Del phenotype is written as _____________
D - - or - D -
TRUE OR FALSE:
Del phenotype must also be transfused with Del phenotype to prevent production of Abs against red cells
TRUE
Which class of immunoglobulins are Rh Abs?
IgG - Warm Ab (37C)
Rh Abs are immune Abs, it is produced ____________
following exposure to foreign RBCs (transfusion, pregnancy)
TRUE OR FALSE:
Rh Abs do not bind to complement
TRUE
RBC destruction is (intravascular, extravascular)
EXTRAVASCULAR - IgG produce DTEH
Rh Abs are produced within _____________
120 days after primary exposure and 2-7 days after secondary exposure
What are the clinical conditions associated w/ Rh?
Transfusion reactions
Rh-mediated HTR
HDN
HDN occurs when the mother is ___________ and the father is ___________
mother = Rh - father = Rh +
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LW gene is ____________
has no product
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWA gene is ____________
LWA Ag
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWB gene is ____________
LWB Ag
