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Immunohematology > Rh BGS (Lec) > Flashcards

Rh BGS (Lec) Flashcards

1
Q

This is the second most important blood group system

A

Rh BGS

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2
Q

The ISBT no. of Rh BGS is __________

A

004

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3
Q

Rh BGS is discovered by ________________

A

Levine and stetson in 1939. It is found in serum of obstetrical Px

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4
Q

Rh BGS is named after ___________________

A

Rhesus macaque monkey red cells

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5
Q

If an individual is Rh (+), he/she has ____________

A

D Ag on RBC

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6
Q

Which Rh Ag is the most immunogenic?

A

D Ag

D > c > E > C > e

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7
Q

Small “d” indicates _____________

A

absence of D Ag

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8
Q

What are the nomenclatures of the Rh BGS?

A

Fisher-Race
Weiner
Rosenfield
ISBT

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9
Q

Which nomenclature is based on the theory that Ag were produced/inherited by three closely linked set of alleles, each gene was responsible for producing a product on RBC membrane

A

Fisher-Race (DCE)

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10
Q

The Weiner (RH-hr) says that ______________

A

gene responsible for defining RH are produced by agglutinogen that has series of blood factors which each factor is Ag recognized by Ab

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11
Q

The rosenfield (alpha numeric) nomenclature is -________

A

number is assigned to each Ag of Rh system in order of its discovery

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

The ISBT nomenclature used 8 number designation

A

FALSE

It only uses 6 number designation

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13
Q

The Rh genes in Fisher Race are expressed _____________

A

codominantly

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14
Q

An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported as ______ rather than ________

A

DCE, CDE

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15
Q

In Fisher Race, which has the highest gene frequency?

A

“e”

e - D - c - C - E - d

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Fisher Race and Wiener terminology can be converted to each other

A

TRUE

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17
Q

In Wiener, R and 0 refers to ________________

A

D

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18
Q

In Wiener, what represents d?

A

r

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19
Q

In Wiener, 1 and ‘ refers to ________________

A

C and c

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20
Q

In Wiener, 2 and “ refers to ________________

A

E and e

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21
Q

In Wiener, if r precedes h, it refers to ___________

A

C or E

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22
Q

In Wiener, if h precedes r, it refers to ___________

A

c or e

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23
Q

What are the rules for long hand nomenclature?

A 
RH0 for D
rh’ for C
rh” for E
hr’ for c
hr” for e
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24
Q

What are the rules for short hand nomenclature?

A 
R denotes D
r denotes absence
z or y denotes CE
0 or blank denotes ce
1 or ‘ denotes C
2 or “ denotes E
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25
Q

Rh null is written as __________

A

r double bar

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26
Q

In Rosenfield, what denotes the DCE/dce

A 
1 = D
2 = C
3 = E
4 = c
5 = e
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27
Q

In Rosenfield, (-) sign indicate _________________

A

absence of Rh gene/Ag

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28
Q

In ISBT, what denotes the DCE/dce

A

004001: D
004002: C
004003: E
004004: c
004005: e
004006: f

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29
Q

Which gene produces the D Ag?

A

RHD gene

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30
Q

Which gene produces C and E Ags?

A

RHCE gene

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31
Q

Which chromosome is RHD and RHCE gene found?

A

Chromosome 1

32
Q

This is the co-expressor gene of DCE gene

A

RHAG/X1r gene

33
Q

The co-expressor gene of DCE gene is found in ______________

A

chromosome 6

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The RHAG gene is part of the Rh BGS that is why it is important

A

FALSE

It is NOT part of the Rh BGS, because it is only a COEXPRESSOR of Ag

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The RHAG has its own BGS and has the ISBT no of 040

A

FALSE

The ISBT no is 030

36
Q

What are the abnormal genes?

A

XOr (regulator of Rh null)
XQr (Rhmod phenotype)
r: little r double bar (silent Rh null)

37
Q

What are the two types of Rh null phenotype?

A

Silent and regulator type

38
Q

The silent Rh null is caused by _______________

A

inheritance of r: little r double bar

there’s no R or D Ag inherited but w/ RHAG gene

39
Q

The regulator Rh null is caused by ____________________

A

inheritance of XorXor w/o RHAG gene

40
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Rh null phenotype individuals?

A

DEC: Hgb, Hct, Haptoglobin
INC: Bilirubin, HbF
Stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis

41
Q

Rh Ags characteristics are: ___________

A

non-glycosylated proteins
integral part of RBC ,embrane
MW of 174,000

42
Q

What are the functions of Rh Ag?

A

Cation transporters

maintain stability of RBC membrane as integral proteins

43
Q

What is the difference in components of ABO and Rh Ag?

A

ABO has sugar in its structure, while Rh is pure proteins

44
Q

This variation of D Ag is present in small amounts or it has missing parts or fragments

A

Weak D or Du variant

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Du variant is a negative Rh type

A

FALSE

It is still considered as Rh-positive

46
Q

What is the test required to demonstrate the presence of weak D antigens?

A

Antiglobulin test (AHG/Coomb’s test)

47
Q

If the donor is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the donor is Rh __________

A

POSITIVE

48
Q

If the recipient is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the recipient is Rh __________

A

NEGATIVE

49
Q

D antigen is appear to be complete but few in number therefore it is weakly expressed, this is _____________

A

Genetic Weak D

50
Q

What are the Rh gene variants of genetic weak D?

A
  1. Cu
  2. Cv
  3. Cw
  4. Eu
  5. Du
51
Q

Genetic weak D is more commonly found among which race?

A

Blacks (rare in caucasians)

52
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The antigenicity strength of Weak D and normal D is the same, only the amount is different

A

FALSE

The Weak D Ags are less antigenic

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Genetic Weak D has the ability to produce Anti-D

A

TRUE

54
Q

A C-trans variation is caused by ___________

A

genes are present on different chromosome

55
Q

C-trans is also known as ________________

A

position effect, steric suppression, gene-interaction effect

56
Q

In C-trans, weakened D occurs when the C-antigen is inherited __________

A

trans to the D Ag

57
Q

If D and C is located at the SAME locus, this is __________

A

cis

58
Q

If D and C is located at the OPPOSITE locus, this is __________

A

trans

59
Q

In mosaic, the remaining portion of the antigen will stimulate production of _____________

A

alloantibody

60
Q

What are the other terms of Mosaic?

A

Partial D, D variant, Categories of D

61
Q

Mosaic occurs when _____________

A

a portion of D antigen is missing (composed of 4 fragments)

62
Q

This is the very rare phenotype caused by mutated D gene

A

Del phenotype

63
Q

Del phenotype occurs when ____________

A

individuals inherit Rh gene complex lacking alleles

64
Q

Del phenotype is written as _____________

A

D - - or - D -

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Del phenotype must also be transfused with Del phenotype to prevent production of Abs against red cells

A

TRUE

66
Q

Which class of immunoglobulins are Rh Abs?

A

IgG - Warm Ab (37C)

67
Q

Rh Abs are immune Abs, it is produced ____________

A

following exposure to foreign RBCs (transfusion, pregnancy)

68
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Rh Abs do not bind to complement

A

TRUE

69
Q

RBC destruction is (intravascular, extravascular)

A

EXTRAVASCULAR - IgG produce DTEH

70
Q

Rh Abs are produced within _____________

A

120 days after primary exposure and 2-7 days after secondary exposure

71
Q

What are the clinical conditions associated w/ Rh?

A

Transfusion reactions
Rh-mediated HTR
HDN

72
Q

HDN occurs when the mother is ___________ and the father is ___________

A 
mother = Rh -
father = Rh +
73
Q

In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LW gene is ____________

A

has no product

74
Q

In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWA gene is ____________

A

LWA Ag

75
Q

In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWB gene is ____________

A

LWB Ag

Immunohematology (7 decks)

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