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Immunohematology > Compatibility Test (LEC) > Flashcards

Compatibility Test (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

This is a necessary procedure to be done before operation or transfusion

A

Compatibility Testing

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2
Q

Who started compatibility testing?

A

Well and ottenberg

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3
Q

What are the purpose of compatibility testing?

A
  • provide appropriate safe transfusion of blood

- select blood components that will not cause harm to the recipient and have acceptable survival when transfused

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4
Q

Compatibility testing will confirm _______________ between the component and ___________ and will detect the _______________

A
  • ABO incompatibility
  • recipient
  • most clinically significant unexpected antibodies
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5
Q

What are the pre-transfusion testing procedure comprised of?

A

Donor unit:

  • ABO
  • Rh
  • TTD (transfusion transmissible disease)

Recipient unit:

  • ABO
  • Rh (not including Weak D)
  • IAT: Ab screen
  • Crossmatching (major/minor)
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6
Q

What are the three categories of compatibility testing?

A

Pre-analytical (Px ID, specimen collection, review Px history)

serological testing (ABO/Rh, Ab detection/ID, crossmatch)

post-analytical procedures (labelling units and forms, released for recipient, inspected for abnormalities)

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7
Q

Specimen collection should be collected in tube with ______________________

A

EDTA and NO additives

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8
Q

Venipuncture causes hemolysis, sample is _________________

A

rejected

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9
Q

True hemolysis indicates _______________________

A

complement activation

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10
Q

What is the color of the tube w/o additives where _________ sample is collected than _____________

A

RED, serum than plasma

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11
Q

If the sample is drawn from the IV line, the infusion should be _______________________________

A

stopped for 5-10mins prior to collection

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12
Q

If both of the Px’s arm has IV line, collect in _______________

A

ankle vein

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13
Q

If amputated leg and has IV on both arms, sample is collected in _______________

A

IV line but discard first 10mL because it is diluted

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14
Q

Testing should be performed on samples for __________________

A

less than 72hrs or 3days

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15
Q

What are the materials used for labelling donor red cell?

A

Radioisotope or radioactive materials

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16
Q

What is the newer method of crossmatching?

A

Computer crossmatch

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17
Q

Which method of crossmatching is better to be performed?

A

Conventional test tubes

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18
Q

What are the new technologies of crossmatching?

A

Column agglutination technology
Solid-phase technology
Electromagnetic (EM) technology

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19
Q

In the IS phase of serological crossmatch it detects ___________________, and in AHG phase detects ________________

A

ABO Incompatibilities (IgM)

Rh, Duffy, Kidd, other IgG

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20
Q

In crossmatching, for how long will recipients serum and donor red cell be preserved?

A

1 week or 7 days

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21
Q

In crossmatching, fresh sample of Px is needed after _________

A

48hrs of transfusion

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22
Q

In cross matching, RBCs must be infused within ____________

A

4hrs

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23
Q

What are the two types of crossmatched?

A

Major and Minor crossmatch

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24
Q

In Major crossmatch, uses _____________________

A

DCRS

Donor red cell, Px serum

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25
Q

In Minor crossmatch, uses _____________________

A

DSRC

Donor serum, Px red cell

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26
Q

Between the two crossmatch type, which is routinely performed?

A

Major crossmatch

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27
Q

Why is minor crossmatch unnecessary and almost obsolete?

A

Most blood transfused are packed cell w/ little Ab

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28
Q

Who developed the standards for blood banking?

A

AABB (American association of Blood Banks) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

29
Q

According to the AABB Standard:

The crossmatch shall use methods that demonstrate _________________ and _______________________ and shall include an _____________________

A

ABO incompatibility

clinically significant Ab to red cell Ags

antiglobulin phase

30
Q

Who regulates blood bank in hospitals in the Philippines?

A

DOH, NGO (Philippine red cross)

31
Q

What is the reference lab of TTD or transfusion transmissible disease?

A

RITM (Research institute for tropical medicine)

32
Q

To maintain 40:1 Ag-Ab reax, you need to add __________________

A

2 drops of Px serum, 1 drop of donor red cell

33
Q

To remove unbound Abs, you need to ________________

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Crossmatching is routinely performed in secondary and tertiary hospital

A

FALSE

Only in TERTIARY hospital

35
Q

Segments where donor cells are taken from, are ______________

A

sampling of the minor and eliminate having to open the actual unit

36
Q

What is the sequence of tests in compatibility testing?

A

ABO/Rh

Ab screening

If no unexpected Abs = perform crossmatching

37
Q

After Ab screening in compatibility testing, if Abs are NOT detected, what is the next step to be performed?

A

perform IS phase using Px serum and donor blood suspension

= INCOMPLETE CROSSMATCH

38
Q

After Ab screening in compatibility testing, if Abs are detected, what is the next step to be performed?

A

IS, LISS, and AHG phase is performed

= COMPLETE CROSSMATCH

39
Q

In what phase of Ab screening will verify the donor ABO incompatibility, and detect most Abs against donor cells?

A

IS phase, AHG phase

40
Q

Crossmatching will not: _____________________

A 
Guarantee normal survival of RBCs
Hgb and Hct after transfusion
prevent Px from developing Ab
detect all Ab and error in ABO/Rh detection
Prevent delayed tranfsuion reaxn
41
Q

Causes of + result in serological crossmatch?

A
  • incorrect ABO grouping
  • alloAb in Px serum
  • autoAb in Px serum
  • prior coating of donor’s RBC w/ protein
  • abnormalities in Px serum
  • presence of Dextran (expanders)
  • high albumin:globulin ratio
  • Ab against caprylate
  • contaminants in test system
42
Q

The conatmination of bacteria shows ________________

A

hemolyzed plasma

43
Q

WHat is the storage temperature of blood units?

A

1-10 deg C

44
Q

If the units is not stored in correct temperature, it must be returned within _________________

A

30mins of issue

45
Q

When the units are pre-warmed at 37deg C, it must be transfused w/n _________

46
Q

After 1hr of issuing blood unit, it must be transfused w/n ____________

47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

It is important to indicate in the tag of blood unit if its not crossmatched

48
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Even blood has already be transfused, compatibility testing should still be performed

49
Q

What unit of blood is given in emergency cases?

A

Group O, Rh-negative red cells or AB plasma (women below childbearing age)

Group O, Rh-positive (male or elderly)

50
Q

If the clinical urgency is immediate, give ___________

A

Group O Rh NEG pRBC

51
Q

If the clinical urgency is minutes, give ___________

A

ABO and Rh D type = group specific blood

52
Q

If the clinical urgency is hour, give ___________

A

ABO and Rh D type = complete crossmatch

53
Q

If the recipients ABO blood group is AB, what is the 1st to 4th choice of blood?

A

1st - AB
2ND - A
3RD - B
4TH - O

54
Q

Rh D positive pRBC can be transfused to ______________ in emergency

A

Rh negative patients (post menopausal females, older men)

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

It is NOT safe to transfuse Rh NEG blood to Rh POS px

A

FALSE

Rh D negative blood can safely be transfused to Rh D positive patients.

56
Q

Massive transfusion is defined as______________

A

transfusion approaching or exceeding the recipient’s own blood volume w/n 24hrs

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

INCOMPLETE crossmatch is not necessary for massive transfusion

A

FALSE

COMPLETE crossmatch is unnecessary

58
Q

What type of blood units should be given for massive transfusion?

A

ABO identical units

59
Q

What is the purpose of type and screen?

A

to conserve blood inventory

60
Q

When will crossmatching be performed if type and screen is done?

A

If blood is needed, it is retrieved for crossmatching (only IS phase)

61
Q

Neonate of _______ old does not have _________ but has __________

A

<4months

Abs

Ag

62
Q

If clinically significant Abs are detected in neonates, this is _____________ and must be transfused w/ ____________

A

maternal Abs

Ag NEG units

63
Q

Whose sample is used for corssmatching among neonates?

A

Infant or maternal serum

64
Q

These are small aliquots of larger units for infant transfusion

A

Pedipacks or Satellite Bags

65
Q

If whole blood bag is given to neonates, they may suffer from ___________

A

hypervolemia

66
Q

This refers to a donation from recipient for later use

67
Q

Autologous is commonly performed by ______________

A

Px w/ rare blood type (Bombay) and religious restrictions (Jehovah)

68
Q

According to the AABB, what must be fulfilled in new technologies of crossmatching?

A
  • critical elements have been validates
  • no clinically significant Abs (present and past)
  • Px ABO and Rh is done twice
  • system alert medtech for ABO and Rh discrepancy
69
Q

Records should be maintained for at least _____________

Immunohematology (7 decks)

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