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Neuroscience > Reward > Flashcards

Reward Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hedonic circuit ?

A

a liking system
not driven by metabolism but pleasure
A component of reward

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2
Q

What are the components of reward?

A

hedonic circuit

wanting/ motivation

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3
Q

What triggers wanting and craving of food?

A

sensory cues

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4
Q

What are the two systems which control food intake?

A

Homeostasis

Reward system

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5
Q

What structures regulates our appetite and how ?

A

The hypothalamus releases Orexigenic (increase appetite) and aneorexigenic (decrease appetite)

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6
Q

What input does the hypothalamus receive to regulate appetites?

A

brainstem
pancreas
intestine
liver

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7
Q

What is the reward system?

A

neural network that receives and evaluates the rewarding properties of stimuli

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8
Q

Where is self stimulation observed in the brain?

A

Nucleus accumbens
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventral tegmental area
Cortical structures

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9
Q

Where does the hypothalamus get input from within the reward circuit in the brain?

A

medial forebrain bundle
axons project from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens
Ventral tegmental area connects to amygdala, septum and cortex

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10
Q

What signalling does the hedonic neural pathway use?

A

Opioid and endocannabinoids

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11
Q

What are endogenous opioids ?

A

neuropeptides (endorphins, dynorphins)
receptor subtypes: mu, kappa, delta
GPCR

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12
Q

What are the agonists and antagonists of opioids ?

A 
Agonists = morphine
antagonists = naloxone
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13
Q

What are endogenous endocannabinoids?

A 
lipid molecules (anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol )
receptor subtypes: CB1, CB2 
GPCR
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14
Q

Where is CB1 predominately expressed?

A

central nervous sytem

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15
Q

What does morphine do to liking responses ?

A

enhances liking responses

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16
Q

How are hedonic pathways connected?

A

anatomically by neural pathways

17
Q

What are the hedonic hotspots ?

A 
Parabrachial nucleus 
Ventral pallidum
Nucleus Accumbens
Insular 
Orbitofrontal
18
Q

What happens if the ventral palladium is blocked/removed?

A

the liking system is lost

19
Q

What is the key NT in reward?

A

dopamine (needed for motivational aspect of reward)

20
Q

What is dopamine needed for?

A

needed for wanting but not needed for pleasure

21
Q

Is a larger section of the brain wanting or hedonic hotspot networks?

A

Larger section is wanting

22
Q

What structure of the brain cross talks between homeostasis and reward circuits?

A

lateral hypothalamus

Neuroscience (14 decks)

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