Neuroanatomy S2 Flashcards
What structures make up the brain stem ?
Midbrain, Pons and medulla (descending order)
What is the function of the brain stem ?
conduit for ascending and descending tracts
connect SC to cerebellum and cerebrum
Reflex centre associated with control of rest, heart rate, BP, consciousness
Cranial nerves III-XII emerge from it
What does each segment of the spinal cord give rise to?
pair of spinal nerves
What does a pair of spinal nerves consist of ?
Axons of:
- motor neurones that innervate a group of muscles
- sensory neurones that innervate an area of skin
- sympathetic neurones to structures in the body wall that controls body temp (blood vessels, sweat glands)
All cranial nerves emerge from the brain stem exempt ?
I and II
How many cranial nerves are there in total?
12
How do cranial nerves exit the skull?
exit through foramina (holes) in the skull
What are the sensory nerves ?
I olfactory
II Optic
VIII Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
What are the motor cranial nerves which project to striated muscle and are general somatic efficient nerves?
III - occulomotor IV - trochlear VI - abducens XI - Accossory XII-Hypoglossal
What nerves are responsible for eye movement ?
3, 4, 6
What are the cranial nerves carrying parasympathetic fibres?
III oculomotor (eye) VII facial (nasal, salivary glands) IX glossopharyngeal (slaivary glands) X vagus (heart, lungs, GI tract)
What is the limbic system ?
Brain structures which deal with emotions and memory
Interconnected structures in telencephalon and diencephalon
What are the major component parts of the limbic system ?
Hypothalamus (output)
Amygdala (input)
Hippocampus (input)
What does the hypothalamus do ?
regs homeostasis, sexual motivation and emotional behaviours
Receives input from hippocampus and amygdala
Where is the amygdala located ?
temporal lobe
