revolutions

Question 1

visionary leaders

Answer 1

Robespierre, Gandhi, Lenin

Question 2

Organisational leaders

Answer 2

Napoleon, Trotsky

Question 3

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet

Answer 3

Jan 1776- ‘a common sense’. all men created equal and don’t owe any allegiance to a foreign king

Question 4

July 1776 declaration of independence

Answer 4

self-evident right to liberty, life and the pursuit of happiness

Question 5

13 colonies adopting new state constitutions

Answer 5

1770s + bill of rights in many, wide franchise and New Jersey initially allowed female suffrage - revoked in 1807

Question 6

Russian defeats

Answer 6

1905 Japan

1914-16 WW1

Question 7

International women’s day Russia

Answer 7

Feb 23rd 1917- demonstrations against bread shortages in capital, hundreds of thousands of workers joined in the day after
after soldiers fired on crowds some military defected- Duma said Tsar’s abdication was only way to restore peace so he did on March 3rd

Question 8

When did Tsar abdicate

Answer 8

March 3rd 1917

Question 9

Lenin’s coup

Answer 9

Oct 1917 - bloodless

25th October- new communist government in power

Question 10

mistakes of provisional goevrnement in Russia

Answer 10

tried to continue war- soldiers and sailors defected as a result - Bolsheviks promised to end the war

Question 11

Castro’s preparation for revolution

Answer 11

recruited peasants by promising land reform, schooling and healthcare and trained them in Guerrilla warfare

Question 12

Batista’s mistakes

Answer 12

1957-8 Batista murdered and tortured the middle class so Eisenhower stopped shipments of arms to Cuba 
late 1958- Batista's army refused to fight Castro's rebels so jan 1959 Batista fled

Question 13

Castro’s rule

Answer 13

implemented land reforms and nationalised foreign businesses and began national literacy campaign and built thousands of schools and clinics
1000s of Castro’s opponents fled to America on his encouragement
Economy only survived with society union support And later with aid from Venezuala

Question 14

Murder in Egypt that precipitated unrest

Answer 14

Khaled Said beaten to death by police in 2010 and images circulated

Question 15

2011 protests Egypt

Answer 15

Jan 25th 2011- ANti-Murabak forces organised protest on national police day and normal Egyptians joined- peaceful and appealed to soldiers as ‘friends’. People numbering tens of thousands converged in Tahir square
Police stations were burnt and police attacked so police retreated but military ordered into the square refused to shoot

Question 16

When was Murabak replaced

Answer 16

FEB 10th 2011- said he would stay in power but protests the next day so Supreme council of armed forces took over government and promised a new election

Question 17

details of Orange revolution Ukraine

Answer 17

2004 - November 22nd, protestors joined in main Kiev square wearing orange for the colour of Yushchenko’s campaign posters and called for a new, fair vote count
local councils voted to refuse the election result

Question 18

Outcome of orange revolution ukraine

Answer 18

December 3rd 2004- SC called elected invalid due to fraud and so new election held on 26th with 12k election monitors- many were international. Yushchenko then won with 52% of the vote

Question 19

pre-existing conflict in Nicaragua

Answer 19

1926 civil war of feuding families and US marines trained and equipped Nicuraguan guard. the guard was loyal to commander Sandino
after great depression the US pulled forces and Sandino agreed to disarm.

Question 20

Rise of Somoza in Nicuragua

Answer 20

assasinated Sandino in 1934 and 2 years later seized power he ruled for 20 years and was then replaced by his son
used the 1972 earthquake aid to improve his own wealth.

Question 21

dissent with Somoza

Answer 21

mid 70s Ortega brothers kidnapped and killed elites. Newspapers condemned Somoza and US threatened to stop aid after martial law declared so he stopped it and released prisoners
barricades and protests which Samoza bombed and shot thousands but eventually forced to flee in 1979

Question 22

the Haitian revolution

Answer 22

1801- drew up constitution declaring the abolition of slavery and special laws governing Haiti
1802- Napoleon tried to entrance slavery but in the process lost 50k men and the next year the constitution was adopted

Question 23

growth of working class in China

Answer 23

1.5mill- 1919

3 mill- 1927

Question 24

Decline in silk exports in China

Answer 24

136k piculs- 1931

54k- 1934

Question 25

GMD’s revenue

Answer 25

fell by 63% and 41% went to military meanwhile the CCP was living off the land

Question 26

Japanese invasion of China

Answer 26

1937

Chiang devoted forces to communist not japense threat

Question 27

Anti-Japanese military and political university no. of graduates

Answer 27

established by Mao

100k

Question 28

GMD and CCP direct fight

Answer 28

600k GMD men lost after being cut off from their aid and supplies by guerilla tactics + many had deserted
red army numbered 1 mill and officially seized power in 1949