authors

Question 1

What did Jack Goldstone say?

Answer 1

Revolutions:

• revolutions occur more in middle-income countries as requires defection from military and elites
• need resentment with social order and the feeling that they have lost their place, not just anger
• favourable international relations required

Question 2

Skocpol

Answer 2

• social revolutions are rapid, basic transformations of a society. They combine social structure change and class upheaval while rebellions do not result in structural change
• structural perspective: changes in social systems give rise to grievences in which there develops mass-based movements
• we need a more state centred approach to understand revolutions

Question 3

Tilly on states

Answer 3

• states resemble a form of organised crime and should be viewed as extortion rackets- claim control over te chief concentrated means of violence
• states that cannot wage modern warfare are warded out

Question 4

Fukuyama

Answer 4

• hard to morally justify a minimalist state
• states have to govern before they can be constrained
  human rights communities must protect violations on individuals by the state

Question 5

Tarrow

Answer 5

• contentious politics emerged in response to changes in political opportunities and threats when participants perceive and respond to a variety of incentives. when it is spread across an entire society we see a cycle of contention. when it is organised, the outcome is a revolution
• collective action becomes contentious when its used by people who lack regular access to representative institutions who act in the name of unaccepted claims and behave in a way which challenges authorities

Question 6

dahl

Answer 6

• For modern states, democracy is usually identified with a voting franchise for a substantial fraction of citizens, a government brought to power in contested elections, and an executive either popularly elected or responsible to an elected legislature, often also with requirements for civil liberties such as free speech

Question 7

Doyle

Answer 7

very much adheres to the notion of democratic peace theory

Question 8

Barnhart

Answer 8

if public opinion drives democratic peace, a change in the composition of the electorate should make an empirical change

Question 9

Coiler and Heffler

Answer 9

lower per capita income = greater likelihood of civil war - financial incentives for rebellion and in poor societies, militia can be recruited cheaply