Revolt Of The Northern Earls Flashcards
Who were the leaders of the rebellion?
The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
What was the plan of the leaders of the revolt?
Form a rebel army and march south to end Elizabeth’s rule
How did the majority of Catholic nobles react to the revolt?
Refused to join the revolt
What happened to Mary, Queen of Scots during the revolt?
Moved to a prison farther south
How did Elizabeth’s government respond to the revolt?
Sent a royal army of 100,000 men to the Midlands
What happened to the Earls after the revolt failed?
Westmorland escaped abroad; Northumberland was captured and executed
Ultimately, why did the revolt fail?
No foreign support was ever sent to the rebels
What action did the Earls take upon reaching Durham?
Stormed the Cathedral, destroyed Protestant prayer books, and celebrated a Catholic Mass
What was the main religious motivation behind the revolt?
To restore the Catholic faith
What did the rebels hope to achieve by capturing Hartlepool?
To have Spanish troops land and support them
What was the outcome for the rebels after the revolt?
Around 450 rebels were executed, many fined, and lands confiscated
Even though large numbers of men joined the earls in the revolt, what happened with the majority?
Majority of catholic nobles were keen to stay loyal to Elizabeth
True or False: The revolt attracted widespread support from Catholic nobles.
False
Fill in the blank: The revolt aimed to end _______ and restore the Catholic faith.
Elizabeth’s rule
What did Elizabeth order regarding Mary, Queen of Scots, in response to the revolt?
To move her to a prison further south
What did the Earls do when they learned of the royal army’s size?
Turned back north
What was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
The first and rebellion by Catholics against Elizabeth in 1569
It aimed to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
What was one significant outcome of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
How was her control of the north affected?
Elizabeth’s control over the north of England was strengthened.
The revolt led to the establishment of the Council of the North to enforce anti-Catholic laws.
Which northern families lost power and influence as a result of the revolt?
The Percy and Neville families.
Their diminished power was a direct consequence of the revolt’s failure.
What did the revolt reveal about Mary, Queen of Scots?
Mary could not be trusted and remained in prison.
This reinforced Elizabeth’s view of Mary as a threat.
How did the revolt affect treason laws in England?
Treason laws became harsher as a result.
This was part of the broader crackdown on Catholicism following the revolt.
What was the impact on the loyalty of English Catholics after the revolt?
The loyalty of English Catholics was now in doubt.
This led to harsher treatment of Catholics and the implementation of anti-Catholic laws.
What action did Pope Pius VI take following the revolt?
He excommunicated Elizabeth by way of the papal bull (order) in 1570
The bull released Catholics to any loyalty to Elizabeth
What characterized the leadership of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland during the revolt?
They were not brave or decisive leaders.
Their indecisiveness contributed to the failure of the revolt.
What was the reaction of the Earls when faced with a royal army?
They panicked, retreated, and fled.
This lack of resolve highlighted their ineffective leadership.
Who were the primary supporters of the revolt?
Most support came from tenants of the two Earls.
Appeals to the Catholic nobility to join the revolt failed.
Did foreign powers support the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
No, neither the French, Spanish, nor the Pope supported the revolt.
King Phillip I of Spain did not want Mary as Queen of England.
How did Elizabeth’s government respond to the rebellion?
Elizabeth’s government did not panic and raised a large army.
Officials in the north prevented the rebels from capturing key towns.
What was the consequence for those who participated in the revolt?
Several hundred people were executed for taking part.
This was part of the government’s crackdown on rebellion.
What was the primary religious goal of the rebels in the revolt?
To re-establish Catholicism as the country’s religion.
This reflects the importance of religion as a central cause of the revolt.
What significant action did the Earls take at the start of the revolt?
Stormed into Durham Cathedral and held a Catholic service.
This action indicates the rebels’ commitment to their religious cause.
What political grievances did the Earls have against Elizabeth?
Elizabeth weakened their powers in the North and took lands from them.
This contributed to their desire for revolt.
Which important position did the Earl of Northumberland lose?
Warden of the Middle March.
This loss represented a significant reduction in his political power.
What financial hardships did many northern nobles face?
Loss of land and resources, such as copper mines.
This financial strain contributed to their grievances.
Who did the Earls blame for their loss of political power and religious changes?
Evil councillors, particularly Cecil.
This blame fueled their desire for revolt.
What was the Earls’ plan involving Mary, Queen of Scots?
To marry her to the Duke of Norfolk to help her become Elizabeth’s successor.
This plan was significant for both political and religious reasons.
What did the Catholic rulers, Philip II of Spain and the Pope, offer regarding the revolt?
Willingness to support the revolt.
Their support was crucial for the rebels’ confidence.
What fear motivated the Earls to consider revolt after the Norfolk plan failed?
Fear of prison or execution.
This fear drove them to take drastic action.
Who encouraged Lady Westmorland’s husband not to back down?
Lady Westmorland.
This shows the influence of women in the political landscape.
How was the government of the North of England changed under Elizabeth?
It was carried out by the Council of the North instead of traditional nobility.
This shift undermined the power of northern nobles.
What did the rebels want for Mary regarding her status?
To be recognized as Elizabeth’s successor and for her imprisonment to end.
This reflects their political ambitions intertwined with religious objectives.
What symbols did the rebels wear to express their religious allegiance?
Catholic badges and emblems.
These symbols were a clear indication of their religious identity.
