revision questions Flashcards
what causes the influenza
a virus
why is the flu so easy to catch
it’s transmitted easily-through coughing, sneezing and breathing
why does sneezing spread the flu
a sneeze spreads tiny droplets containing microbes into the air
what kind of microbes cause the following diseases
athletes foot
chicken pox
measles
malaria
salmonella poisoning
tuberculosis
AIDS
athletes foot-fungus
chicken pox-virus
measles-virus
malaria-parasite
salmonella poisoning-bacterium
tuberculosis-bacterium
AIDS-virus
antiseptic
a substance that stops the growth of disease causing organisms in wounds
sterile
something that has no viruses, bacteria or other organisms on it
disinfectant
something that kills disease-forming organism eg. heat and sunlight
similarties between viruses and bacteria
spread in similar ways(droplets, contact and vectors)
vaccines
how do white blood cells fight disease
produce antibodies
Viruses are able to mutate and change the shape of their antigens. Explain the significance of this.
To help it reproduce quicker and adhere to the surface of cells
platelets
form blood clots and prevent bleeding
importance of inflammation when fighting an infection.
enables our bodies to fight off bacteria, viruses and other toxins
when your body is invaded by a virus what happens
lymphocytes produce antibodies
the injection into the body of some dead or weakened pathogens
immunisation
immunisation os the injection of what kind of pathogens
dead or weakened
what occurs at intervals along lymph blood vessels
lymphe nodes
from the graph in the worksheet what happens at point A B C and D
A-pathogen enters the body
B-microbes mutiply fast
c-microbes being destroyed
d-all microbes are dead and the person regains health
how do vaccines work
Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of an antigen that triggers an immune response within the body
difference betwen phagocytes and lympohcytes
phagocytes are non speifci, lymphoyctes specifci
independent variable
variable that does not change
dependent variable
variable being tested
relationship between pathogens, phagocytes and phaogcystosis using flowchart
pathogen>is destroyed by>phagocyte>part of phagocytosis
how do prions replicate
prions infect a cell
turn normal proteins into prions
cells burst and spread the prions to new cell
relationship between antigens, pathogens, antibodies, lymphocytes and phagocytes
pathogen contains antigens that stimulate lymphocytes’ production of antibodies which stimulate phagocytes
relationship between lymph(fluid made of white cells), lymphocytes, lymph vessels and the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels which consist of lymph which consist of lymphocytes
Active immunity
occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen.
passive immunity
occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else
Natural passive immunity
a person receives antibodies from an external source
artificle passive immunity
antibodies are injected into the patient.
Natural active immunity
antibodies are made after exposure to an antigen
artificial active immunity
occurs when antibodies are produced in the body after exposure to a killed or weakened pathogen
antigen antibody complex
molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies.
