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The body at war > from test/need more practice with > Flashcards

from test/need more practice with Flashcards

1
Q

Type of communicable disease

A

tinea

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2
Q

Q
what is not a way that pathogens can be introduced to an orgnaism

A

bacteria sitting on intact skin

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3
Q

Q
redness and swelling relating to infection is due to

A

rapid blood flow to the area of skin

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4
Q

what is a safe body temperature range that helps to kill of pathogens

A

37.5 to 42.5 degrees

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5
Q

twhy do some vacicnes require mutiple booster shots to be givnewhy do some vacicnes require mutiple booster shots to be givne

A

booster shots are required to bring protection levels back up if they drop

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6
Q

Active immunity

A

occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen.

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7
Q

Q
passive immunity

A

occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else

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8
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

A
a person receives antibodies from an external source

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9
Q

Q
artificle passive immunity

A

antibodies are injected into the patient.

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9
Q

Natural active immunity

A

antibodies are made after exposure to an antigen

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10
Q

Q
artificial active immunity

A

occurs when antibodies are produced in the body after exposure to a killed or weakened pathogen

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11
Q

Identify the type of specific proteins that are produced rapidly and in great amounts during the secondary exposure response.

A

antiboides

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12
Q

Are all pathogens parasites?

A

no because not all parasites are harmful

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13
Q

Identify the types of cells that can divide into plasma cells and produce antibodies.

A

B cells.

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14
Q

what divides into into plasm cells and produces antiobdies

A

lymphocytes

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15
Q
  1. Describe what do helper T cells signal B cells to do?
A
  1. Helper T cells stimulate the b cells production of antiobodies
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16
Q

form of passive immunity

A

vaccines

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17
Q

Process of vaccines entering the body

A
  1. vaccine is introudced
  2. primary immune respons
    3.memory cells produced post encounter
    4.body infected by pathogen
    5.secondar response
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18
Q

primary immune response

A

body reacts to antigen for the frist time and the immune response is weak and slow

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19
Q

ssecondary immune response

A

bodys second exposure to antigen, response is quicker and stronger

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20
Q

example of antiobioitci

A

pencillin

20
Q

Why is it good for scabs to form over cuts?

A

protects the cut and allows it to heal and prevents blood clots from spreading

21
Q

What are vaccines and how do they work?

A

vaccines are the injection of killed or weakened pathogens tha tprotect us from getting ca certain diesase, they contain parts of an inactive or weakened pathogen that trigger an immune response in the bdoy and upon secondary exposure form immunity against pathogn

22
Q

“why do antibodies bind to the antigens on bacterial cells, what is the purpose of this”

A

antibodies bind to the antigen on a bacterial cell as it is the body’s attempt to kill any cell infected by a pathogen

23
Q

antigen antibody complex

A

molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies.

24
Q

in a babys first fe weeks of lif, what type of immunity do they rely on

A

herd immuniyt and antibodies via breast mmilk

25
Q

has overprescriing antiobiotics has led to superbugs

A

true

26
Q

are antibodies located on the outside of a pathogen

A

no only antigens

27
Q

a bacterial cell is someties called a pathogen, what makes a microbe a pathogen

A

they both cause disease to their hsot

28
Q

difference between antigen and antibody

A

antigen causes your immune system to make antibodies against it
antibides are proteins created by bcells that bind to the specific antigen of the pathogen.

29
Q

name the cell that makes antibodies

A

b cells

30
Q

why do antibodies bind to antigens

A

n

31
Q

what happens to a virus particle when it enters a persons lungs

A

virus particle will infect and reproduce when it enters the lungs.
Its important to infect the cell to make sure a virus particle infects lots of particles so that the virus particles can become a virus.

32
Q

who relies on herd immunity

A

elderly and babies

33
Q

name the cell that is responisble for producing antibodies after a vaccination or encounter with a pathogen.

A

Memory B and T cells

34
Q

how does bacteria become resistant to antiobiotics

A

bacteria develops small rings of DNA called plasmids that overtime make bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

35
Q

what does the binding of a pathogen cause

A

A
causes pathogens to clump together
causes B cells to send out signals to phagocytes
destruction of the cell

36
Q

Q
Antibodies affect the pathogen when
bindingby?

A

by preventing their abilty to either move, reproduce or cause harm to other cells

37
Q

how do T cells recognise that a body cell has been infected by a virus.

A

the cell will have pieces of virus antigens on its surface.

38
Q

medical treatment role in immune system

A

assist the immune system
fight infectious pathogens allowing the body to
regain a level of control.

39
Q

how does anti viral meds attack viruses

A

The way it attacks the viral infection is different for each
virus and can target reproduction, enzymes, genetic
material or attachment.

40
Q

why is it important to get blood tests before getting vaccinated

A

to ensure multiple or extra
vaccinations are not required to bring you to the correct levels for another encounter

41
Q

why are boosters important

A

Boosters are important as they remind the immune system of its previous encounter and
encourages it to be more vigilant in its response times for future encounters.

42
Q

Viruses are able to mutate and change the shape of their antigens. Explain the significance of this.

A

To help it reproduce quicker and adhere to the surface of cells

43
Q

relationship between antigens, pathogens, antibodies, lymphocytes and phagocytes

A

pathogen contains antigens that stimulate lymphocytes’ production of antibodies which stimulate phagocytes

44
Q

term used for any foreign particles that stimulate an immune response.

A

antigens

45
Q

what blood componet is part of the first, second and third line of defense

A

1-platelet
2-phagocyte
3-lymphocyte

46
Q

why viruses such as HIV, cold, and flu are so difficult to cure.

A

HIV is hard to cure because it attacks T cells, damaging the immune system;

47
Q

antibodies bind to antigens on a bacterial cell

A

neutralize pathogens-cant reproduce
stimulate b cells
desotrys phagocyte

47
Q

antibodies bind to antigens on a bacterial cell

A

neutralize pathogens-cant reproduce
stimulate b cells
desotrys phagocyte

The body at war (13 decks)

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