Immune system Flashcards
examples of first level defense in immune system
skin-physical barrier
saliva-chemical barrier
mucus-chemicla barrier
tears and sweat-chemicla barrier
stomach acid-chemcial barrier
hair and cilia-physical barrier
why is the first line of defense considered non-specific
not selective about what it blocks from getting into your body
examples of second line of defense in the immune system
inflammatory response-
Fever and Shivering-
Phagocytosis-
Blood Clotting and
Vasodilation-
what happesn when pathogen enters your second line of defense
inflammatory response
histamine
causes inflammation,
complement system
assist in both spefic and non specific responses,
part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes
Why is the third of line of defense considered specific
third level of defense is a targetted response to an antigen
cytotoxic t cell
type of white blood cell that part of 3rd lien defense that has the ability to destroy cells infected by the pathogen
third level of defense
immune cells that target specific antigens and produce B and T cells
where are antigens located
located on outer layer of a pathogen
adaptive response(part of third line of defense)
specific response to an antigen
what cna Macrophages do
can also display the same
antigen on their outer layer after
consumption of the pathogen.
innflamatory response
Is the cycle of phagocytosis and
wound repair until all pathogens
have been removed.
Fever and Shivering-
process, where pathogens are introduced to raise our body temperature to help, destroy the already existing theinfection/
Phagocytosis
This is the process whereby white blood cells come into the affected area
and consume any
pathogen.
Blood Clotting and
Vasodilation
the widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel’s muscular walls which leads to blood clotting
characteristics of first line of defense
prevents entry to body
characterisitcs of second line of defense
attacks pathogens
phagocytes
innflmation of tissue
characteristics of third line of defense
Lymphocytes
attack pathogens
swollen glands
produces antibodies
a. Why do many species of bacteria and fungi find it difficult to grow on skin?
Skin is dry and slightly acidic, which prevents the growth of many bacteria and fungi.
Suggest three ways in which foreign particles might be able to enter your body.
mouth
nose
eyes
open skin
T cells protect us from disease by?
by destroying foreign cells.
immunisation
act of introducing a vaccine into the body to protect someone from a speifciifc disaese
what is Active immunity and passive immunity
Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen. Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else
