Revision- Government, the rights of king and people Flashcards
What was Henry III’s legacy upon his death in 1272?
Henry III left behind a kingdom in debt, with lots of arguments between the king and the nobles. His reign was weak, and when he died, the kingdom was divided and had many problems for Edward I to fix.
How did relations between Henry III and Edward I affect Edward’s rule?
Edward often disagreed with his father, especially over how Henry III ruled. Edward didn’t like his father’s foreign advisors and wanted more control. Later, their relationship improved, and Edward became the real leader when his father was ill.
What were the key problems facing Edward I upon his accession in 1272?
Edward faced many challenges:
* The kingdom was poor and in debt.
* Nobles were unhappy with royal control and taxes.
* There were ongoing conflicts in Wales and Scotland that needed to be dealt with.
How would you describe Edward I’s character as king?
Edward I was strong, determined, and tough. He wanted to control his kingdom and was a good fighter. However, he was also strict and sometimes harsh, especially when dealing with his enemies.
What was Edward I’s approach to the nobility during his reign?
Edward tried to keep the nobles in check. He wanted to make sure they were loyal to him and didn’t have too much power. He did this by controlling how they ruled over their lands and by using taxes.
What was the purpose of the Hundred Rolls (1274-5)?
The Hundred Rolls were a survey to check if local officials were doing their jobs properly and if people were paying the correct taxes. Edward used it to find out if anyone was cheating or abusing their power.
What were the Statutes of Westminster, and why were they significant?
The Statutes of Westminster were laws that aimed to improve fairness and justice. They helped regulate things like land ownership and how legal disputes were handled. These laws were important because they showed Edward wanted to make the legal system better and more controlled.
What was the Statute of Mortmain (1279), and what did it do?
The Statute of Mortmain stopped people from giving land to the church without the king’s permission. Edward wanted to make sure the crown could collect taxes from all land, even land held by the church, which was growing in wealth.
What was the purpose of the Quo Warranto (1290)?
The Quo Warranto was a legal action Edward used to force landowners to prove they had the right to hold their lands. It was a way for Edward to control land and make sure no one was getting land without his approval.
Who was Robert Burnell, and what role did he play in Edward I’s reign?
Robert Burnell was one of Edward’s key advisors and the bishop of Bath and Wells. He helped Edward with important decisions, especially in legal and financial matters, and was very loyal to the king.
What was the composition of Edward I’s Parliament?
Edward’s Parliament had three groups:
* The clergy (church leaders)
* The nobility (important landowners)
* The common people (elected knights and town representatives).
This was important because it allowed different groups to have a say in what the king did.
What actions did Edward I take to increase the power of Parliament?
Edward used Parliament to approve taxes and laws. He made it a regular part of his rule, which meant that he asked for approval from a wider group of people before making big decisions, like raising money for wars.
How did Edward I’s Model Parliament of 1295 differ from earlier parliaments?
The Model Parliament of 1295 was different because it included common people (like knights and town representatives), not just nobles and clergy. This was a big step towards involving more people in government.
What role did the nobility play in the governance of England under Edward I?
The nobility helped Edward by giving military support and helping govern their lands. But Edward also tried to control them through taxes and laws so that they didn’t become too powerful.
What was Edward I’s policy towards Wales?
Edward wanted to control Wales. After fighting a series of wars, he conquered Wales and built strong castles to keep it under control. He also gave his son the title “Prince of Wales” to show he ruled over the region.
What was the significance of Edward I’s wars in Scotland?
Edward tried to control Scotland, claiming he had the right to rule there. His wars in Scotland were long and difficult, with famous figures like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce fighting back. These wars showed Edward’s determination but also led to more conflict.
How did Edward I deal with taxation during his reign?
Edward raised money through taxes, especially to fund his wars. He regularly called Parliament to approve these taxes. This sometimes caused anger because people didn’t like paying high taxes, especially when they were being used for wars.
What were Edward I’s main achievements in legal reform?
Edward passed laws like the Statutes of Westminster and Mortmain to make the legal system fairer and more organized. These reforms helped the king control land and ensure that justice was done.
What was the significance of the 1290 Expulsion of the Jews?
In 1290, Edward expelled all Jews from England. This was partly because the king wanted to take control of their wealth and partly because of growing anti-Semitism. It was a controversial decision that hurt Jewish communities in England.
How did Edward I’s reign impact the development of the English monarchy?
Edward strengthened the monarchy by making sure the king had more control over the country. His use of Parliament, legal reforms, and efforts to control the nobility helped shape the English monarchy for future kings.
