a. First Welsh Campaign (1277)

Question 1

What caused the First Welsh Campaign in 1277?

Answer 1

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd refused to pay homage to Edward I and Edward wanted to assert control over Wales.

Question 2

What was the size and composition of Edward I’s army during the First Welsh Campaign?

Answer 2

15,000 troops including knights, foot soldiers, and Welsh allies.

Question 3

What strategies did Edward I’s army use during the campaign?

Answer 3

Used castles and supply lines.

Question 4

What was the composition and tactics of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd’s forces?

Answer 4

Small, mainly foot soldiers using guerrilla tactics.

Question 5

What was the outcome of the First Welsh Campaign?

Answer 5

Edward forced Llywelyn to submit in the Treaty of Aberconwy (1277).

Question 6

What were the outcomes for Edward I after the First Welsh Campaign?

Answer 6

Established control over eastern Wales; Llywelyn lost significant lands.

Question 7

What was the situation in Wales when Edward I died in 1307?

Answer 7

Still faced Welsh resistance, leading to a second campaign.

Question 8

When was the first welsh campaign?

Answer 8

1277