Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RCV > Revision > Flashcards

Revision Flashcards

1
Q

interconnections of alveoli

A

martin = bronchial + bronchial (interbronchial)
lambert = bronchial + alveoli (broncho-alveolar)
Kohn = alveoli (interalveolar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does obstruction of alveoli without collateral ventilation affect the alveoli

A

gas tension in obstructed area is equilibrated with mixed venous blood (diffusion - from high conc to low conc, both conc are same, no direction for flow to go)
no further gas exchange
cannot maintain pressure
atelectasis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alveolar interdependence

A

deep inspiration causes alveoli to expand and less expanded alveoli to re expanded due to the traction force of neighbouring alveoli and elasticity of interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of forced expiratory technique

A

increased expiratory flow to shear mucus from airway walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe equal pressure theory

A

point in which pressure in bronchial is equal to pressure outside bronchial
intrapleural pressure is high due expiration
pressure moves to alveoli - increas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Consequences of immobilisation

A

Loss of muscle
Loss of aerobic capacity
General functional decline
Increased risk of clots
Reduced range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tidal Volume

A

the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled during one respiratory cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal tidal volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

the volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after exhalation of normal tidal volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Residual Volume

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

IRV+TV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

four primary lung volumes (TV, IRV, ERV, RV).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vital Capacity

A

TV+IRV+ERV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function Residual Capacity

A

the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contraindications of mobilisation

A

Safety considerations (balance, power)
Portsmouth sign (HR > SBP)
Tachycardia (>100) or bradycardia (<40)
Blood pressure (140/90 = clinical hypertension, 200/110= severe hypertension)
SpO2 (maintain >90%) or fall of >4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of Breathlessness

A

Pursed lip breathing
Medications
Pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mechanism of action of pursed lip breathing

A

Creates a back pressure which produces a small PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure)
PLB helps support breathing by opening the airways during exhalation and increasing the removal of CO2

18
Q

PEP

A

Positive Expiratory Pressure

19
Q

Mechanism of action of PEP

A

a handheld mouthpiece increases resistance to expiratory airflow to promote mucus clearance by preventing airway closure, reduce gas trapping and increasing collateral ventilation

20
Q

benefits of PEP

A

Air get behind the mucus
Move mucus from lung and airway walls
To hold the airways open for longer[3]

21
Q

Indications for PEP

A

Reduce hyperinflation/ Air trapping e.g. bronchitis, emphysema
improve airway clearance for CF, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis

22
Q

types of PEP

A

oscillating e.g aerobika, Flutter

23
Q

mechanism of action for oscillating PEP

A

Oscillations during expiration decreases the viscoelasticity properties of mucus, effecting its movement which depends on the oscillating frequency.

24
Q

What is the BiPAP

A

Helps lungs expand when inhaling by supplying pressurised air into airways positive pressure ventilation

25
Q

difference between BiPAP and CPAP

A

BiPAP gives higher pressure of air when breathing in
CPAP gives same pressure of air breathing in and out

26
Q

physiological benefits of BiPAP

A

↑ Collateral ventilation
↑ Tidal Volume
↑ FRC
↑ Alveolar ventilation

27
Q

Indications for BiPAP

A

Sputum retention
Atelectasis
Blood gas abnormality
Respiratory muscle weakness
Inability to actively engage with ACBT

28
Q

Contraindications for BiPAP

A

CVS instability
Head injury / ↑ ICP
Lung Transplant / surgery
Severe Haemoptysis /Epistaxis
Undrained Pneumothorax

29
Q

contraindications for manually assisted cough

A

Undrained pneumothorax
Frank haemoptysis
Vomiting
Facial fractures
CVS instability

30
Q

describe mechanism for cough assist device

A

Applies a positive pressure to fill the lungs, quickly switching to a negative pressure to produce a high expiratory flow rate and simulate a cough.

31
Q

how is assistive cough device usually applied

A

a mask, mouthpiece, endotracheal or tracheostomy tube

32
Q

indications for assistive cough device

A

Peak cough flows of <180 L/min are unlikely to be effective at clearing secretions​
Audible secretions at the mouth​
Crackles heard on auscultation​
Tactile fremitus​

33
Q

what is breath stacking

A

person is encouraged to breathe in slowly at intervals, stacking one breath on top of the other. This technique allows the lungs take in more oxygen than normal inspiration by encouraging the patient to breathe in slowly breathing and stacking one breath on top of other as tolerance allows

34
Q

ACBT cycle

A

breath control
3-4 thoracic expansion (insp hold, perc, vibs)
breath control
3-4 thoracic expansion (insp hold, perc, vibs)
breath control
forced expiratory technique (huff)
breath control

35
Q

indications for manual clearance techniques

A

have secretion
cannot clear secretions from ACBT and positioning alone
Patient has acute lobar atelectasis
done with postural drainage

36
Q

precautions for manual clearance techniques

A

elderly
patient on steroids
bronchospasm
attachments
thin malnourished

37
Q

contraindications for manual clearance technique

A

rib fractures
recent haemoptysis
osteoporosis
subcutaneous emphysema
burns/skin grafts/open wounds

38
Q

positions of ease purpose

A

ease of breathlessness

39
Q

examples of positions of ease

A

forward leaning sitting
high side lying
released standing

40
Q

contraindications for POE

A

Head and neck pathology (surgery, immediate post op, nosebleeds, ICP > 20mmHg, C spine #
Cardiovascular pathology (HTN, cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema)
oesophageal surgery
abdominal surgery (pregnancy, obesity)

RCV (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions