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RCV > Heart failure > Flashcards

Heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is low BP

A

systolic less than 90mmHg / diastolic less than 60mmHg

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2
Q

what peripheral artery diseases

A

partial or complete obstruction of peripheral arteries e.g. legs
not enough blood suply -> pain and dysfunction
tell tale sign - intermittent claudication

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3
Q

what part of the nervous system responds to low BP

A

sympathetic - fight or flight increases HR and SV constrict arterioles

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4
Q

what part of the nervous system responds to high blood pressure

A

parasympathetic - rest and digest
reduces heart rate and stroke volume
arterioles dilate
sympathetic nervous system inhibited

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5
Q

valve insufficency

A

leaky valve - valve does not close tightly -> blood leakes
leak causes heart to worker harder for less blood to flow across the body

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6
Q

valve disease stenosis

A

narrowing and stiffness of in opening of aortic valves and stiffness and slight open space in closed aortic valve

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7
Q

systolic heart failure

A

stretched and thin ventricles can’t pump

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8
Q

symptoms of valve disease

A

SOB
Orthopnoea - SOB when lying down
reduced exercise tolerance
weakness
chest pain

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9
Q

symptoms of right sided heart failure

A

distended jugular veins
anorexia
GI distress
weight gain
increased venous pressure
oedema

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10
Q

symptoms of left sided heart failure

A

restlessness
confusion
orthopnea
tachycardia
cyanosis of fingers, feet, lips
pulmonary congestion - cough wheeze

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11
Q

signs of symptoms of IHD

A

Angina pectoris - chest pain/discomfort - followed by breathlessness, sweating
anginal pain in arms, upper abdomen, back, neck, jaw
descresed exercise tolerance
arrythmias -

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12
Q

right sided heart failure

A

too weak to pump enough blood to the lungs - via pulmonary veins
build up of blood in the veins - increases pressure push fluid out of veins into tissue - lead to oedema,

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13
Q

path of the electrical impulse across the heart

A

SA node generates impulse across left and right atria
impulse reaches atroventricular node through internodal pathway
through septum throufh bundle of his
nundle btranches to the heart
interventricular septum to heart apex
purkinje fibres

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14
Q

medication to treat hypotension

A

fludrocortisone and midodrine

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15
Q

medication to manage ischemic heart disease

A

beta blocker
calcium channel blockers
sinoatrial current inhibitors
nitrates
potassium channel openers

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16
Q

medication given to manage peripheral artery disease

A

antiplatelet, anticoagulants, antihypertensive, statins

17
Q

medication for hypertension

A

ACE inhibitor
alpha blockers
beta blockers
angiotensin II antagonists
calcium channel
diuretics
all lower blood pressure

18
Q

left side heart failure

A

left ventricle does not pump enough blood across the body specficially cannot handle the amount of blood from the left pulomary veins away from the lungs, blood builds up in pulmonary veins

19
Q

intermittent claudication

A

leg pain when walking - pain is relieved at rest

20
Q

IHD

A

ischaemic heart disease - reduced blood supply to heart caused by narrowing of coronary arteries - reduce blood supply to heart, reduced oxygen and nutrients supplied to heart - causes chest pain

21
Q

how is valve disease diagnosed

A

auscultation of lungs for pulmonary oedema - fine crackles
leg oedema
abdomen swelling
MRI
angiogram

22
Q

how is peripheral artery disease diagnosed

A

ankle brachial index ratio of systolic blood pressure to the blood pressure on the arm

23
Q

how is IHD diagnosed

A

Ischaemic Heart Disease
electrocardiogram
ambulatory ecg
blood tests - measure toponin, creatine kinase, CRP, fibrinogen
cardiac stress testing - records ECB and BP while walking on a treadmill, speed and inline increase over 12 mins
coronary angiogram - examine blood vessels using injectable dye visible in x ray
echocardiogram - ultrasound of heart to look at size and structure of heart

24
Q

HF with reduced ejection fraction is systolic or diastolic dysfunction

A

systolic dysfunction

25
Q

HF with preserved ejection fraction systolic or diastolic dysfunction

A

diastolic

26
Q

diastolic heart failure

A

stiff and thick chambers ventricles cannot be filled with blood

27
Q

describe the systole half of the cardiac cycle

A

when ventricles contract and eject blood into aorta and pulmonary artery

28
Q

describe the diastole half of the cardiac cycle

A

when ventricles relax

29
Q

causes of valve disease

A

acquired -
rheumatic fever - causes by untreated bacterial infection - heart valve inflamed, leaflet stikc together and become inflamed and stick together -> now rigid, short, thick
mitral valve prolapse - vavales flop back into atrium during heart contraction - causes tissue of valve to abnormal and stretchy

RCV (5 decks)

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