REVIEWER FOR 1ST QUARTER EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
Basic unit of life
A
Cell
2
Q
discovered that all plants are made of cells
A
MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN (1838)
3
Q
Cell Theory
A
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cell through cell division.
4
Q
Fertilized egg from egg cell and sperm cell
A
Zygote
5
Q
Levels of organization
A
Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ system > Organisms
6
Q
Inventor of the first optical microscope (1850)
A
HANS AND ZACHARIAS JANSSEN
7
Q
the old term for microscopic organisms that included bacteria, protozoans, and very small animals
A
Animalcule
8
Q
Discovered bacteria and he called it as “animalcules”
A
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)
9
Q
Coined the term ‘cell’; experimented on a piece of cork
A
Robert Hooke (1665)
10
Q
discovered that all animals are made of cells
A
THEODORE SCHWANN (1839)
11
Q
Discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells; “omnis cellula e cellula”
A
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
12
Q
means that ‘All cells come from cells. Every cell is born of a previous cell, which was born of a previous cell.’
A
Omnis cellula e cellula
13
Q
Disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation or Abiogenesis which states that living organisms originated from non-living matters
A
Francesco Redi (1668)
14
Q
Performed experiments on soup in sealed containers and proved the microorganisms that spoil the soup were AIRBORNE
A
Lazzaro Spallanzani
15
Q
Renowned for discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization
A
Louis Pasteur
16
Q
Organism whose cells have no definite nucleus
A
Prokaryotes
17
Q
Organisms whose cells have nucleus
A
Eukaryotes
18
Q
It is separated internally into numerous little organs
A
Organelles
19
Q
Organelles that is only in Plant Cell
A
Cell wall, Chloroplast
20
Q
Organelles only in Animal Cell
A
Lysosome and Centriole
21
Q
Controls passage of organic molecules and wastes into and out of the cell
A
Plasma Membrane
22
Q
Provides structure to cell; medium in which organelles are found
A
Cytoplasm
23
Q
Protein synthesis takes place
A
Ribosomes
24
Q
Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
A
Nucleus
25
ATP production/cellular respiration; power house of the cell
Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
26
Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cell
Vacuoles
27
Unspecified role in cell division in animal cell; organizing center of microtubules in animal cell
Centrioles/Centrosome
28
Digestion of macromolecules; recycling worn-out organelles
Lysosomes
29
Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape
Cell Wall
30
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
31
Modifies protein and synthesizes lipids; network pathways thru which materials flow to different parts of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
32
Modifies, transports, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins
Golgi Apparatus
33
Present in Prokaryotes
- Plasma Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- Cell wall (primarily in bacteria but not in Archea)
34
Keep in mind (about cells)
- Cells are tightly packed
- Continuous sheet of cells
- Contain no blood vessels
35
Where in your body epithelial tissue is present?
- Skin
- Inside of Respiratory and Digestive System
36
More than 1 layer of cells
Stratified Epithelial Tissue
37
1 layer of cells
Simple Epithelial Tissue
38
Flat square like cells
Squamous
39
Cube like cells
Cuboidal
40
Rectangular column like cells
Columnar
41
Shape of cells
1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar
42
Number of Layers of Cells
1. Simple Epithelial Tissue
2. Stratified Epithelial Tissue
43
Transports oxygen from lungs to blood (in Lungs)
Simple Squamous
44
Filters our blood for toxic substances (in Kidney)
Simple Cuboidal
45
Helps in digestion of food (organs of the digestive system)
Simple Columnar
46
Protection (Skin)
Stratified Squamous
47
Helps in Secretion of substances (Ducts/tubes of glands)
Stratified Cuboidal
48
Helps in smooth movement of particles
Ciliated Epithelium
49
Makes skin waterproof
Keratinized Epithelium
50
Hair-like filaments
Cilia
51
____ cells are never ciliated
Stratified epithelial cells
52
Protein
Keratin
53
An adult human body has
206 bones
54
This tissue helps to connect all the organs and parts of the body
Connective Tissue
55
The tissue that connects 2 bones is called?
LIGAMENT
56
The tissue that connects muscle to the bone is called?
TENDON
57
The skin is connected to our muscle with a type of a connective tissue
AREOLAR/LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
58
Areolar/Loose Connective Tissue is also called?
FILLER TISSUE
59
are connective type of tissue
BONES
60
It supports and hold our internal organ together
BONES
61
Bone cell or?
Osteocytes
62
Bones are made of
Calcium and Phosphorus
63
The cells here are widely spaced, and the matrix is cheese like, film and elastic
CARTILAGE
64
another type of specialized connective tissue
CARTILAGE
65
SHOCK ABSORBER
ADIPOSE TISSUE
66
is a type of fluid connective tissue
BLOOD
67
Binding
Dense Connective Tissue: Ligament and Tendon
68
Packing
Areolar/Loose Connective Tissue
69
Supporting
Skeletal Connective Tissue: Bone and Cartilage
Adipose Tissue: acts as an insulator & shock absorber
Fluid Connective Tissue: helps in oxygen transport
70
Facilitates movement of the animal by contraction of individual muscle cells
MUSCULAR TISSUE
71
MUSCLE = ______
MOVEMENT
72
Special Proteins
Actin & Myosin
73
The muscle that are attached to our skeleton is called ?
SKELETAL MUSCLE
74
conjunction with the skeletal system for voluntary muscle movement
Skeletal Muscle
75
responsible for involuntary movement such as breathing, secretion, ejaculation, birth and other reflexes
SMOOTH MUSCLE
76
works to keep the heart pumping through involuntary movements
CARDIAC MUSCLE
77
the only way through which the rest of our body is connected to our brain. It regulates and decides the necessary actions to be carried out
SPINAL CORD
78
Long, strand-like fibers
NERVE FIBERS
79
Messages or signals that travel to and from the brain
NERVE IMPULSE
80
or nerves: transmit electrical impulses
NEURON
81
NERVE CELL PARTS
- DENDRITES
- CELL BODY
- NUCLEUS
- AXON
- AXON TERMINALS
82
carry impulses away from the cell body
Axon
83
carry impulses toward the nerve cell body
Dendrite
84
Which type of tissue is formed by the nerve cells/neurons?
NERVOUS TISSUE
85
Main protects the body,
Helps regulate temperature,
Allow us to feel sensation,
Removes some wastes through sweat, and Helps make vitamin D
from sunlight.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
86
Help the body move and maintain posture. It also helps keep the body warm.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
87
Support the body,
Protect the organs,
Help with movement,
Produce blood cells.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
88
Take in oxygen and get rid of Carbon dioxide.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
89
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
HYPODERMIS
90
protecting your body from the outside world, keeping your skin hydrated, producing new skin cells and determining your skin color.
EPIDERMIS
91
protecting your body from harm, supporting your epidermis, feeling different sensations and producing sweat and hair.
DERMIS
92
storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones. As you age, this decreases in size, and your skin starts to sag.
HYPODERMIS
93
produces keratin
KERATINOCYTES
94
responsible for the strength and flexibility of the skin; make up the hair and nails by the process of keratinization
KERATIN
95
produces melanin
MELANOCYTES
96
a brown or black color pigment, it provides the skin color and protects the skin from UV rays
MELANIN
97
helps to protect skin by keeping out dangerous substances from entering your body
LANGERHANS CELL
98
the only tissue in the body that has the ability to contract and therefore move the other parts of the body
MUSCLE
99
MUSCLE TISSUE TYPES
1. CARDIAC MUSCLE
2. VISCERAL/SMOOTH MUSCLE
3. SKELETAL MUSCLE
100
the only voluntary muscle tissue in the human body—it is controlled consciously
SKELETAL MUSCLE
101
MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS
1. EXTENSIBILITY - extend
2. ELASTICITY - stretch and go back to original
3. EXCITABILITY - ability to respond
4. CONTRACTILITY - ability to combine
102
act as a hard shell to protect the internal organs—such as the brain and the heart—from damage caused by external forces.
AXIAL SKELETON
103
provide support and flexibility at the joints and anchor the muscles that move the limbs.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
104
breathing process, involves inhalation and exhalation of gases.
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
105
involves gas exchange between the blood and the body cells
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
106
involves conversion of food (oxygen and other nutrients) to energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
107
responsible for taking whole foods
and turning them into energy and nutrients to allow the body to
function, grow, and repair it.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
108
Digestive process
Ingestion > Digestion > Absorption > Elimination
109
Pepsin
Enzyme
110
filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
111
these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
112
consisting of the brain and spinal cord where information is evaluated and decisions made.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
113
monitor conditions inside and outside of the body and send this information to the CNS
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
114
responsible for the hormones that controls the moods, growth and development, metabolism, organs, and reproduction.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
115
releasing hormones, regulating body temperature, and maintaining daily physiological cycles
HYPOTHALAMUS
116
the 'master gland' as the hormones it produces control so many different processes in the body. It senses the body's needs and sends signals to different organs and glands throughout the body to regulate their function and maintain an appropriate environment.
PITUITARY GLAND
117
control calcium within the blood and therefore, how strong, and dense the bones are.
PARATHYROID GLAND
118
It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth, and development of the human body.
THYROID GLAND
119
affect metabolism, blood pressure, the immune system, sex hormones, and the body's response to stress.
ADRENAL GLAND
120
converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells; two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.
PANCREAS
121
responsible for producing sperm and ova, but they also secrete hormones necessary for the male and female secondary sex characteristics.
GONADS
122
to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
123
It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there
Spleen
124
small lumps of tissues that contain white blood cells, which fight infection; they filter harmful substances like bacteria and cancer cells from your body and help fight infections.
Lymph nodes
125
to receive immature T cells that are produced in the red bone marrow and train them into functional, mature T cells that attack only foreign cells
Thymus
126
thin-walled vessels structured like blood vessels that carry lymph.
Lymphatic vessels
127
a vast network of organs and blood vessels that acts both as a delivery and waste removal system for the body.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
128
responsible for providing fresh oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.
Pulmonary System
129
provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.
Systemic System
130
The blood circulates through the heart twice; every tissue in the body has a steady supply of oxygenated blood, and it does not get mixed with the deoxygenated blood.
Double Circulation
131
They are responsible for the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
Testicles
132
It is a sac-like organ that hangs below the penis and behind it. It is the houses of the testicles, or testes, and maintains a temperature that is required for the production of sperm by it.
Scrotum
133
Here the sperms get matured and pass to urethra to the muscular tube
Vas Deferens
134
This includes three glands, namely seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the three glands mix to form a fluid called semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, increases the volume and helps in lubrication.
Accessory glands
135
cylindrical tube which serves as both reproductive organ and an excretory organ. It delivers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.
Penis
136
Production of female gamete called ovum/egg.
Providing nutrition and protecting the developing embryo
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
137
During puberty, eggs in the ovaries start to mature. One of the ovaries releases the matured ovum in every 28 to 30 days and is called
OVULATION
138
produce and store ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone called estrogen.
Ovaries
139
They are the site of fertilization. They connect ovaries with the uterus.
Fallopian Tubes
140
The site of development for the embryo.
Uterus
141
It is the part which connects the cervix to the external female body parts. It is the route for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during delivery.
Vagina
