CELL DIVISION (MITOSIS & MEIOSIS)

Question 1

the series of growth and development a cell undergoes between its formation and reproduction.

Answer 1

Cell cycle

Question 2

division of the cytoplasm

Answer 2

Cytokinesis

Question 3

the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms

Answer 3

DNA OR deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

A disease of uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 4

Cancer

Question 5

a term used to describe for the plane where the chromosomes line up

Answer 5

Metaphase plate

Question 6

a protein structure that forms on a chromatid during cell division and allows it to attach to a spindle fiber on a chromosome

Answer 6

Kinetochore

Question 7

Its sole purpose is for the growth and repair of worn out cells in an organism.

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

leads to the production of genetically identical daughter cells from existing parent cells.

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Produces body cells

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

is the longest part of the cell cycle. This is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving
into mitosis.

Answer 10

Interphase

Question 11

Almost ___ percent of a cell’s lifespan is spent in the interphase, no division takes place, but the cell undergoes a period of growth and prepares itself for division.

Answer 11

80

Question 12

first gap phase; the cell grows larger and organelles are copied.

Answer 12

G1 phase

Question 13

synthesis phase; the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

Answer 13

S phase

Question 14

second gap phase; the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.

Answer 14

G2 phase

Question 15

In Cell Cycle, Mitosis is ___ percent; while Interphase is ___ percent

Answer 15

Mitosis is 10% and Interphase is 90%

Question 16

The process of mitosis, or cell division, is also known as the

Answer 16

M phase

Question 17

This is where the cell divides its previously-copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new, identical daughter cells.

Answer 17

M phase or Mitosis

Question 18

Humans have ___ chromosomes

Answer 18

46 chromosomes

Question 19

Strands of replicated chromosomes

Answer 19

Chromatids

Question 20

Part of chromosome where sister chromatids are held together

Answer 20

Centromere

Question 21

Mitosis stage of division

Answer 21

PMAT
PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

Question 22

This is where the cell begins breaking down some structures and creating others, preparing for the division of chromosomes. The duplicated chromosomes from interphase condense, meaning they
become compacted and tightly wound.

Answer 22

PROPHASE

Question 23

Chromosomes align at the _____ plate at right angles to the spindle poles, and are held there by the equal forces of the polar fibers exerting pressure on the chromosomes’ centromeres.

Answer 23

METAPHASE

Question 24

During this phase the sister chromatids are drawn to opposite poles (ends) of the elongated cell. The protein “glue” that holds them together breaks down to let them move apart. This means duplicate copies of the cell’s DNA end up on either side of the
cell and are ready to divide completely. Each sister chromatid is now its own “full” chromosome. They are now called daughter chromosomes.

Answer 24

ANAPHASE

Question 25

Each sister chromatid is now its own "full" chromosome. They are now called?

Answer 25

DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES

Question 26

the nuclear envelope, which had previously broken down to allow the microtubules to access and recruit the chromosomes to the equator or poles of the dividing cell, reforms as two new nuclear envelopes around the separated sister chromatids.

Answer 26

TELOPHASE

Question 27

In what cell does a ring of proteins called actin and myosin (the same proteins found in muscle) pinch the elongated cell into two brand new cells.

Answer 27

Animal cell

Question 28

In animal cell, ring of proteins called ____ and _____ (the same proteins found in muscle) pinch the elongated cell into two brand new cells.

Answer 28

Actin and Myosin

Question 29

A band of filaments made of a protein is responsible for the pinching, creating a crease called the cleavage furrow.

Answer 29

Actin

Question 30

the process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm cell in males and egg cell in females.

Answer 30

Meiosis

Question 31

In plant cells, a structure called the _______forms down the middle of the cell, splitting it into two daughter cells separated by a new wall.

Answer 31

Cell plate

Question 32

Produces sperm cell and egg cell

Answer 32

Meiosis

Question 33

a cell that can divide into 2 or more daughter cells

Answer 33

Parent cell

Question 34

cells that result from the division of a single parent cell

Answer 34

Daughter cell

Question 35

two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source

Answer 35

Homologous chromosome

Question 36

difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population

Answer 36

Genetic variation

Question 37

Germ cells contain a complete set of 46 chromosomes ( __maternal chromosomes and __ paternal chromosomes).

Answer 37

23 maternal chromosomes and 23 paternal chromosomes

Question 38

The overall process of meiosis produces from one single parent ?

Answer 38

four daughter cells

Question 39

Each daughter cell is ?, because it has half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

Answer 39

haploid

Question 40

From one that has 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids into two that has ?

Answer 40

two with 23 chromosomes and 46 chromatids then four that has 23 chromosomes and 23 chromatids

Question 41

During this stage, the homologous chromosomes condense pair up, and exchange segments. Spindle fibers become attached to them as the nuclear membrane breaks up.

Answer 41

Prophase 1

Question 42

the swapping of genetic material that occurs between non- sister chromatids.

Answer 42

Crossing over

Question 43

At this stage, homologous chromosome pairs are aligned in the middle of the cell. The two chromosomes of each pair become joined to the spindle fibers at the opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 43

Metaphase 1

Question 44

All of the homologous chromosomes separate and begins moving toward the spindle poles

Answer 44

Anaphase 1

Question 45

During this stage, a new nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosomes as the DNA loosens up. The two nuclei have a single set of chromosomes, so they are haploid (n).

Answer 45

Telophase 1

Question 46

How many chromosomes and chromatids are there 'before and after interphase' and 'after meiosis 1 and 2'

Answer 46

before interphase - 46 chromosomes and chromatids after interphase - 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids after meiosis 1 - 23 chromosomes, 46 chromatids after meiosis 2 - 23 chromosomes and chromatids

Question 47

The chromosomes condense and the spindle fibers become attached to each sister chromatid as the nuclear membrane breaks up.

Answer 47

Prophase II

Question 48

The chromosomes which are still duplicated are aligned in the middle of the cell.

Answer 48

Metaphase II

Question 49

the sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart and move toward the opposite sides of the cell. Each chromosome is now made up of one DNA.

Answer 49

Anaphase II

Question 50

New nuclear membrane, forms around each cluster of chromosomes as the DNA loosens. The cytoplasm often divides at this point to form four haploid (n) cells whose nuclei contain one set of chromosomes.

Answer 50

Telophase II