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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 > BIOMOLECULES > Flashcards

BIOMOLECULES Flashcards

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1
Q

NUMEROUS SUBSTANCES THAT ARE PRODUCED BY CELLS AND LIVING ORGANISMS

A

BIOMOLECULES

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2
Q

A UNIT OF CONSTRUCTION OR COMPOSITION

A

BUILDING BLOCKS

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3
Q

A MOLECULE THAT CAN BE BONDED TO OTHER IDENTICAL MOLECULES TO FORM A POLYMER

A

MONOMERS

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4
Q

A SUBSTANCE OR MATERIAL CONSISTING OF VERY LARGE MOLECULES, OR MACROMOLECULES, COMPOSED OF
MANY REPEATING SUBUNITS

A

POLYMER

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5
Q

THE LARGE MOLECULES NECESSARY FOR LIFE THAT ARE BUILT FROM SMALLER ORGANIC MOLECULES

A

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

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6
Q

ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN ONLY CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), AND OXYGEN (O).

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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7
Q

THEY CONTAIN A CHAIN OF CARBONS, AN ALDEHYDE OR A KETONE, AND HYDROXYL GROUPS.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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8
Q

PROVIDE FUEL FOR THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENERGY FOR WORKING MUSCLES.
THEY ALSO PREVENT PROTEIN FROM BEING USED AS AN ENERGY SOURCE AND ENABLE FAT METABOLISM.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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9
Q

STRUCTURALLY CONTAINING UP TO SIX CARBONS. IT IS THE SIMPLEST SUGAR FROM WHICH LARGER
CARBOHYDRATES ARE FORMED.

A

MONOSACCHARIDE

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10
Q

REFERRED TO AS BLOOD SUGAR; COMMERCIALLY KNOWN AS DEXTROSE

A

GLUCOSE

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11
Q

SUGAR CONTAINED IN RIPE FRUITS, THE SWEETEST SUGAR

A

FRUCTOSE

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12
Q

MILK SUGAR

A

GALACTOSE

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13
Q

CONSISTS OF TWO MOLECULES OF SUGAR

A

DISACCHARIDE

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14
Q

UNDER MONOSACCHARIDE

A

GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE

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15
Q

REFERRED TO AS TABLE SUGAR (GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE)

A

SUCROSE

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16
Q

(GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE)- SUGAR CONTAINED IN MILK

A

LACTOSE

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17
Q

(GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE)- FOUND IN ROOT CROPS

A

MALTOSE

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18
Q

TYPES OF DISACCHARIDE

A

SUCROSE, LACTOSE, MALTOSE

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19
Q

COMPOSED OF A SERIES OF SUGAR

A

POLYSACCHARIDE

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20
Q

ANIMAL FAT FORMED FROM STORED GLUCOSE, ESPECIALLY IN MUSCLES AND LIVER.

A

GLYCOGEN

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21
Q

A TOUGH FIBROUS MATERIAL THAT HOLDS PLANT STRUCTURES TOGETHER; FOUND IN PLANT CELL WALL.

A

CELLULOSE

22
Q

FOUND IN THE OUTER COVERING OF ANIMALS SUCH AS INSECTS AND CRUSTACEANS

A

CHITIN

23
Q

EXAMPLES OF POLYSACCHARIDE

A

GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE, CHITIN

24
Q

ARE PRESENT IN EVERY CELL OF THE HUMAN BODY AND ARE THE MAIN PART OF THE CELLULAR MEMBRANE.

A

LIPIDS

25
Q

IT PREVENTS THE CELLS FROM BEING LEAKY BY PERFECTLY SURROUNDING THEM. INCLUDE OILS, FATS, AND SOME STEROIDS.

A

LIPIDS

26
Q

THEY ARE A GROUP OF MOLECULES BUILT FROM FATTY ACIDS AND ARE BONDED TO A VARIETY OF OTHER COMPOUNDS.

A

LIPIDS

27
Q

ONE OF ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS STORE ENERGY.

IF A PERSON EATS AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF FOOD, IT HELP STORE THE ENERGY IN THE FORM OF FAT MOLECULES IN THE BODY TO USE LATER.

A

LIPIDS

28
Q

COMPOSED OF DOUBLE-BONDED FATTY ACIDS AND THEREBY DIFFICULT TO BE DIGESTED; FOUND IN ANIMAL TISSUES

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

29
Q

COMPOSED OF SINGLE BONDS OF FATTY ACIDS; FOUND IN VEGETABLE OIL

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

30
Q

MADE UP OF MANY BUILDING BLOCKS, KNOWN AS AMINO ACIDS.

A

PROTEINS

31
Q

THEY HELP IN METABOLISM BY PROVIDING STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND BY ACTING AS ENZYMES, CARRIERS, OR HORMONES

A

PROTEINS

32
Q

OUR BODY NEEDS DIETARY ______ TO SUPPLY AMINO ACIDS FOR THE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE OF OUR CELLS AND TISSUES.

A

PROTEIN

33
Q

ON HYDROLYSIS THEY YIELD ONLY THE AMINO ACIDS AND OCCASIONAL SMALL CARBOHYDRATE COMPOUNDS. EXAMPLES: ARE ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, GLUTELINS, ALBUMINOIDS, HISTONES, AND PROTAMINES

A

SIMPLE PROTEINS

34
Q

THESE ARE SIMPLE PROTEINS COMBINED WITH SOME NON-PROTEIN MATERIAL IN THE BODY. EXAMPLES ARE: NUCLEOPROTEINS, GLYCOPROTEINS, PHOSPHOPROTEINS, HAEMOGLOBINS, AND LECITHOPROTEINS

A

CONJUGATED PROTEINS

35
Q

THESE ARE PROTEINS DERIVED FROM SIMPLE OR CONJUGATED PROTEINS BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS. EXAMPLES ARE: DENATURED PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES

A

DERIVED PROTEINS

36
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS

A
  1. SIMPLE PROTEINS
  2. CONJUGATED PROTEINS
  3. DERIVED PROTEINS
37
Q

FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

A

Structure, Enzymes, hormones, transport in blood, membrane transporters, acid-base balance, fluid balance, antibodies,

38
Q

MOLECULES THAT ALLOW ORGANISMS TO TRANSFER GENETIC INFORMATION FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

39
Q

HESE MACROMOLECULES STORE THE GENETIC INFORMATION THAT DETERMINES TRAITS AND MAKES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS POSSIBLE.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

40
Q

ARE COMPOSED OF NUCLEOTIDE MONOMERS LINKED TOGETHER.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

41
Q

3 PARTS OF NUCLEOTIDES

A

▪ A NITROGENOUS BASE
▪ A FIVE-CARBON (PENTOSE) SUGAR
▪ A PHOSPHATE GROUP

42
Q

THE FUNCTIONS HAVE TO DO WITH THE STORAGE AND EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

43
Q

ENCODES THE INFORMATION THE CELL NEEDS TO MAKE PROTEINS.

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)

44
Q

COMES IN DIFFERENT MOLECULAR FORMS THAT PARTICIPATE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

A

RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

45
Q

IS AN IMPORTANT CLASS OF MACROMOLECULES FOUND IN ALL CELLS AND VIRUSES.

A

NUCLEIC ACID

46
Q

THE DNA SEGMENTS THAT CARRY GENETIC INFORMATION ARE CALLED

A

GENES

47
Q

FOUR DIFFERENT NUCLEOTIDE BASES OCCUR IN DNA:

A

ADENINE (A), CYTOSINE (C), GUANINE (G), AND THYMINE (T).

48
Q

RNA DOES NOT CONTAIN THYMINE, INSTEAD, RNA’S FOURTH NUCLEOTIDE IS ?

A

URACIL (U)

49
Q

IS A SINGLE-STRANDED MOLECULE THAT IS IMPORTANT IN THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS IN LIVING ORGANISMS.

A

RNA

50
Q

GETS ITS NAME FROM THE SUGAR GROUP IN THE MOLECULE’S BACKBONE – RIBOSE.

A

RIBONUCLEIC ACID

51
Q

RNA GOT ITS NAME FROM THE SUGAR GROUP IN THE MOLECULE’S BACKBONE

A

RIBOSE

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 (7 decks)

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