Review Topics Flashcards
what is the brundtland definition of sustainable development?
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
citation for brundtland definition
WCED, 1987
what is target based development?
the SDGs and the subsections of them are an example of TBD
how is development unequal?
heavily westernised
heavily focused on ‘developing nations’ but all countries need help in some regard (have to qualify according to the OECD rules)
reinforces the binary
technology differences
framing power of the SDGs
shape the behavior of governments, city councils, UN and bilateral agencies, INGOs and businesses
ex: UNICEF, Tescos
definition of official development assistance
funds or technical assistance received by countries in the event of humanitarian crisis
short term - humanitarian aid
long term - socio-economic objective
what is the difference between bilateral and multilateral aid
Bilateral aid represents flows from official (government) sources directly to the recipient country. Multilateral aid represents core contributions from official (government) sources to multilateral agencies which use them to fund their own developmental programmes
the UN system
general assembly
subsidairy organs
commissions
departments
aid conditionality
cycle: over donors giving aid, recipient fails to budget aid effectively, only a small reduction in poverty and structural changes, country agrees on new conditions to mitigate poverty
practical and strategic gender interests
practical ways in which make women’s lives better
applying these changes to the structural conditions of gender inequality
women farmers: better tools and making it easier to own land
when was gender mainstreaming introduced?
1985 by the UN
what is gender mainstreaming?
the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels
the ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality
which alternative to development supports a complete alternative to development
buen vivir - radical change from the root, change of the whole model, complete departure from the original form
examples of social resistance/ movements
debt activism in the global north, food riots, student protests, the peasant movement
what is the livelihoods approach?
emerged from famines
attempted to explain the paradox that we have enough food in the world, but people still go hungry
“a livelihood is sustainable when…
it can cope and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base”
SOURCE: sustainable livelihoods
Scoones, 1998
what is de-peasantisation?
the process of moving away from agricultural livelihood
what is “new rurality”
the shift from an agrarian model where the society was organised around primary activities, towards a society more articulated with the environment and the urban market
example of new ruralities?
mega resorts in Mexico
what is infrastructure-led development?
argues that investments in infrastructure development contribute to socio-economic growth and environmental protection at both local and global levels
SOURCE: infrastructure-led development
Agénor, 2010
what is the OECD definition of aid?
resources transferred on concessional terms with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of the developing countries as the main objective
what is the post-development critique?
calls for thorough changes in the capitalist global economy and also how society relates to nature and is a comprehensive critique to the development project
what is degrowth?
the reduction in social metabolism (the energy and material throughput of the economy needed to meet existing biophysical constraints imposed by natural resource limits and ecosystem assimilative capacity
what is the development effectiveness paradigm?
donors and development partners link trade investments, concessional finance, and technical assistance and runs the risk that well being, environmental sustainability and political justice are sacrificed
ICT4D
promotes goal 9 of the SDGs which is promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation
depeasantisation
the countryside has been transformed by the loss of labour workers
world cities report, 2020
cities are the primary catalyst for drivers of economic development and prosperity within them
