Independent and Key Sources

Question 1

Independent source: criticism of the SDGs

Answer 1

Mair et al, 2017

Question 2

Mair et al, 2017

Answer 2

the 230 indicators of the SDGs hinder the success because the indicators are reductionist
indicators need to be taken seriously in order for them to work

Question 3

definition of reductionist

Answer 3

describing a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents

Question 4

independent source: political economy of bilateral aid

Answer 4

Blunt, 2022

Question 5

Blunt, 2022

Answer 5

bilateral aid is essential to neoliberal structures by promoting and sustaining capitalist rule

Question 6

independent source: the world bank and gender equality

Answer 6

Young, 2016

Question 7

Young, 2016

Answer 7

gender equality promotes economic efficiency HOWEVER, economic growth is not always good for gender development

Question 8

independent source: Power relations within the SDGs (feminist analysis)

Answer 8

Esquivel, 2016

Question 9

Esquivel, 2016

Answer 9

powerful actors shape the course of world development
actual power lies in debt and macroeconomics
women empowerment is used often but loosely (power relations remain untouched)

Question 10

The lewis model

Answer 10

Lewis, 1954

Question 11

Lewis, 1954

Answer 11

path whereby a developing economy can foster the growth of a new “capitalist sector” which will employ a growing share of excess labour available from the subsistence sector

Question 12

spatial inequality theory

Answer 12

Myrdal, 1957

Question 13

mydral, 1957

Answer 13

highly skilled worker emigration –> rise of productivity in rich areas –> increased investments

social and political aspects heavily effect macroeconomics

Question 14

modernization theory

Answer 14

Lipset, 1960s

Question 15

Lipset, 1960s

Answer 15

democracy is the direct result of economic growth

Question 16

dependency theory

Answer 16

Frank, 1960s

Question 17

Frank, 1960s

Answer 17

underdevelopment is a result of over reliance on developed countries

currently developed countries were never UNDERdeveloped, just undeveloped

Question 18

unequal exchange theory

Answer 18

Prebisch, 1949

Question 19

Prebisch, 1949

Answer 19

underdevelopment is mainly caused by the peripheral position of affected countries in the world economy

cheap labour –> sold to developed countries –> the underdeveloped still have to buy at high prices = depletion of capital

Question 20

neoliberalism and structural adjustment factors

Answer 20

williamson, 1980s

Question 21

williamson, 1980s

Answer 21

free-market promoting policies
trade liberalisation
privatisation
finance liberation
intended to minimise inflation

Question 22

good governance theory

Answer 22

rodrick

Question 23

rodrick

Answer 23

better governments = better trade deals = more money for all

Question 24

critique of neo-colonialism: reality is, state’s economic systems and thus its political party is directed from the outside

Answer 24

nkrumah, 1965

Question 25

development state hypothesis

Answer 25

ha-joon, 2002

Question 26

ha-joon, 2002

Answer 26

the developed countries did not where they are now through the policies and institutions they recommend, most actively use bad trade/industrial policies

Question 27

critique of SALs

Answer 27

Silvia Federici

Question 28

Silvia Federici

Answer 28

SALs means that millions of poor people are being asked to pay American prices

Question 29

unexplored power relations within the SDGs

Answer 29

Reddy and Harvold-Kvangarven, 2015

Question 30

encountering development book

Answer 30

Escobar, 1995

Question 31

Escobar, 1995

Answer 31

cali caucu valley: exhaustion of soils, sediments in the water, loss of BD, deforestation 60% of population impoverished fix the problem by: long-term bottom-up and co-produced

Question 32

oil to soil

Answer 32

Vandana Shiva

Question 33

Vandana Shiva

Answer 33

oil: the mechanised industrial paradigm ruled by global markets soil: planet centric paradigm that is people oriented, consructed of decentralised biodiversity based organ food and energy systems

Question 34

principles of fair trade

Answer 34

nicholls and opal, 2004

Question 35

post aid world

Answer 35

mawdsley, 2014

Question 36

practical and strategic gender interests

Answer 36

Molyneux, 1987

Question 37

Molyneux, 1987

Answer 37

example - women farmers to get better tools and make it easier for them to buy their own land

Question 38

gender mainstreaming

Answer 38

UN, 1997

Question 40

critique eurocentric views of development which overlook gendered inequalities in the West

Answer 40

Kishwar, 2014

Question 41

intersectionality

Answer 41

Crenshaw, 1991

Question 42

technology is society

Answer 42

Castells, 1996

Question 43

digital divides

Answer 43

Norris, 2001

Question 44

Norris, 2001

Answer 44

inequalities in the spread of ICTs between countries and within societies

Question 45

digital innovations are often designed by men

Answer 45

Kwami, 2011

Question 46

igital innovations are often with a design culturally embedded in north america and europe

Answer 46

Hicks, 2013

Question 47

definition of sustainable livelihood

Answer 47

Scoones, 1998

Question 48

Scoones, 1998

Answer 48

can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities while not undermining the natural resource base

Question 49

new growth theory

Answer 49

Rohmer and Krugman, 1990s

Question 50

Rohmer and Krugman, 1990s

Answer 50

human’s desire and unlimited wants foster ever-increasing productivity and economic growth