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Sustainable Development and Global Justice > Intro to Development > Flashcards

Intro to Development Flashcards

1
Q

definition of development

A

to envelope, it is a process that involves both quantitative and qualitative transformation

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2
Q

DAC

A

development assistance committee

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3
Q

OECD

A

organisation for economic cooperation and development
(has a list of countries it prioritises)

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4
Q

SOURCE: recognised that there is an uneven development process under globalised capitalism (big D and small d)

A

Hart, 2001

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5
Q

what is a bretton wood system?

A

a collective international currency exchange regime that lasted from the 1940s to 1970s
it required a currency peg to the USD which would be pegged to the price of gold

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6
Q

why was the bretton wood system controversial?

A

because of the way they affect global south countries
examples: world bank, IMF, world trade organisation

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7
Q

when and why was the UN created

A

1945 - aimed to stop another world war from happening

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8
Q

critiques of UN

A

western dominated - could be seen as a form of colonisation

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9
Q

1950s development

A

US refocuses efforts on military expense (concerns of military-industrial complex
US gave support to europe and japan but mostly in fear that they would turn to communism

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10
Q

1960s development

A

JFKs peace corps programme
visions of progress: interconnected cities, mass production industries, high- yield crops, high carbon consumption
*the green revolution

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11
Q

1970s development

A

‘crisis decade’: dollar crisis, oil crisis, iran hostage crisis

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12
Q

1980s development

A

‘lost decade’: growth rates stall
debt crisis from a lack of foreign investment
heavily borrowing from USD to finance industrialisation
rising oil prices
slow world economy

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13
Q

1990s development

A

‘the market solution’: policies followed up the disciplinary structural adjustment of the IMF “loan conditionality” and WB “complete cost recovery”
liberation of trade

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14
Q

what was the washington consensus?

A

10 recommendations on policy reforms with the IMF, WB, and US department of treasury

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15
Q

brundtland definition of sustainable development

A

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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16
Q

SOURCE: sustainable development

A

WCED, 1987

17
Q

growth theory: allegory of a plane taking off

A

rostow, 1960

18
Q

what is the Lewis Model

A

adresses the mechanisms of transferring surplus labour from traditional activity to a modern capitalist sector under conditions of unlimited supplies of labour

path whereby a developing economy can foster the growth of a new “capitalist sector” which will employ a growing share of the excess labour available from the subsistence sector

19
Q

Spatial Inequality Theory

A

highly skilled worker emigration –> rise of productivity in rich areas –> increased investments

social and political aspects heavily effect macroeconomics

20
Q

SOURCE: spatial inequality theory

A

Myrdal, 1957

21
Q

modernization theory

A

democracy is the direct result of economic growth

22
Q

SOURCE: modernization theory

A

Lipset, 1960s

23
Q

dependency theory

A

underdevelopment is a result of over reliance on developed countries

currently developed countries were never UNDERdeveloped, just undeveloped

24
Q

SOURCE: dependency theory

A

Frank, 1960s

25
Q

unequal exchange theory

A

underdevelopment is mainly caused by the peripheral position of affected countries in the world economy

cheap labour –> sold to developed countries –> the underdeveloped still have to buy at high prices = depletion of capital

26
Q

SOURCE: unequal exchange theory

A

Prebisch, 1949

27
Q

neoliberalism and structural adjustment factors

A

free-market promoting policies
trade liberalisation
privatisation
finance liberation
intended to minimise inflation

28
Q

SOURCE: neoliberalism and structural adjustment factors

A

Williamson, 1980s

29
Q

good governance theory

A

better governments = better trade deals = more money for all

30
Q

SOURCE: good governance theory

A

rodrick

31
Q

what is neo-malthusian

A

concerned that overpopulation and overconsumption may increase resource depletion and/or environmental degradation will lead to ecological collapse or other hazards

Sustainable Development and Global Justice (11 decks)

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