Review Questions (Intervals 1-5) Flashcards
The 10th intercostal nerve supplies a strip of skin overlying the…
Umbilicus. The umbilicus is supplied by which nerve?
What layer of the anterior abdominal wall gives rise to the cremasteric layer of muscle and fascia?
Internal abdominal oblique muscle …gives rise to what layer of tissue in/around the testes?
The anterior and superior walls of the inguinal canal are formed by the aponeurosis of what muscles?
External obliques
External intercostal muscles: a) have costal parietal pleura covering their inner surface b) are continuous w/ the external intercostal membrane anteriorly c) get their primary blood supply from the lateral thoracic artery d) are innervated by dorsal primary rami
b) External intercostal muscles are continuos w/ the external intercostal membrane anteriorly
The sternal angle marks the intervertebral disc between which vertebrae?
T4 and T5 (…the disc between these two vertebrae corresponds to what anterior landmark?)
What are the 8 layers of the abdominal wall?
…
Describe the lymph drainage of the breast:
Most lymph drains to the axillary lymph nodes. The axillary lymph nodes are drained by the subclavian lymphatic trunk. On the right side, lymph enters the venous system via the right lymphatic duct. Most lymph from the left breast returns to the venous system via the thoracic duct.
Between what two muscles/fascia would you most likely find an intercostal artery?
Between internal and innermost intercostal muscles.
What nerve pierces the pectoralis minor muscle to reach the pectoralis major muscle?
The medial pectoral nerve (…pierces ____ to reach ____)
In a spontaneous pneumothorax, air enters the pleural cavity by passing through the…
…visceral pleura
Where can you find the phrenic nerve on the left side?
Between the parietal pleura and the parietal pericardium
What part of the nervous system contains cutaneous sensory nerves?
The somatic nervous system
How many white rami communicantes exist on one side of the body? How many grey rami communicantes exist on one side of the body?
14 white and 31 grey.
What structure is located immediately behind the ligamentum arteriosum?
The trachea
Ganglia associated with the sympathetic trunk typically contain which of the following cell bodies?
Postganglionic sympathetic cell bodies
How would lung cancer contribute to hoarseness?
By invading the vagus nerves (parasympathetic!) and damaging the recurrent laryngeal nerves
What key structures does the RCA supply?
The SA and AV nodes
How many parts does the duodenum have? And which are retroperitoneal?
4 parts. Parts 2-4 are all retroperitoneal.
Course of the phrenic nerve vs. vagus nerve
…
Where would you place your stethoscope to best hear the aortic valve?
The right 2nd intercostal space at the sternal margin
Why does an enlarged esophageal hiatus cause the stomach to migrate into the chest?
Negative intrathoracic pressure gradually draws the stomach into the posterior mediastinum through an enlarged hiatus
What are the three sites ____ hemorrhoids?
?
Parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut originates in the S2-S4 spinal cord segments. Parasympathetic neurons travel to the prevertebral plexus via which nerve?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Which nerves innervate the penile arteries to cause them to dilate during arousal?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
What vessels could be lacerated by a penetrating wound approximately 1 cm lateral to sternum?
Internal thoracic artery and vein
What is a positive Murphy’s sign?
Tenderness at junction of 9th costal cartilage with upper lateral border of right rectus sheath with deep inspiration; highly suggestive of acute cholecystitis.
Layers of the abdomen
Skin, superficial Fascia, External oblique, Internal oblique, Transversus abdominus, Transversalis fascia, Extra-peritoneal fascia, Peritoneum
Layers of pericardium
superficial to deep: fibrous pericardium continuous w/ serous parietal pericardium, [pericardial cavity], visceral serous pericardium as the outer layer of epicardium, myocardium
Orientation of the R/L lungs and their hilums
Spinal levels for hiatuses in the diaphragm
I ate 10 eggs at 12:
IVC (T8), Esophagus (T10), Aota & thoraic duct (T12)
Ligaments of the uterus and ovaries
Superior and lateral to ovaries are the suspensory ligaments of the ovary.
Medial to the ovary, connected to the liver are the ligaments of the ovary.
On the anterior of the mesometrium, connected to the uterus where the tubes meet is the round ligament of the uterus.
The four parts of the tube: isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae.
What are the veins of the portal drainage system?
What is the name for the muscle on the posterior side of the ribcage, running from the ribs to the sternum? What is the name for the artery running alongside this muscle?
Transversus thoracis m.
Internal thoracic artery and vein.
List the major secondary retroperitoneal organs:
2nd, 3rd, 4th parts of the duodenum
head, neck, and body of the pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
upper rectum
List the major primary retroperitoneal organs
kidneys
adrenal glands
ureters
aorta
IVC
lower rectum
anal canal
What are the three major pelvic nerves we should watch for, and what kind of nerves are they?
Pudendal: S2,3,4 somatic, volunt. sphincter and maintains erections
Lumbar & sacral splanchnics: sympathetic, involuntary sphincter control and hold in act of ejaculation
Plevic splanchnics : S2,3,4, parasympathetic, poo, pee, and point (gain an erection)
Portal hypertension can lead to bleeding from these sites of portal-caval anastamoses
But (hemorhoids), gut (esophageal varices), caput (umbilical varices)
Veins that drain the uterus are direct tributaries of…
…IVC, left renal vein, and the inernal iliac veins
The splenic artery supplies which of the following structures?
A. the body of the pancreas
B. the fundus of the stomach
C. the greater curvature of the stomach
D. the head of the pancreas
The splenic nerve supplies the fundus of the stomach, the greater curvature of the stomach, and the body of the pancreas. BUT NOT THE HEAD OF THE PANCREAS.
- Which of the following statements is correct concerning nerves?
A. a dorsal ramus contains motor fibers that innervate skeletal muscle, preganglionic sympathetic fibers, and sensory fibers.
B. preganglionic parasympathetic and preganglionic sympathetic axons course in white communicating rami.
C. all of the fibers in a dorsal ramus have their neuron cell bodies in a dorsal root ganglion.
D. all of the fibers in a ventral ramus have their neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord.
E. splanchnic nerves carry autonomic axons and sensory fibers.
E. is the only one that’s true!
- During fetal life, in which of the following structures is the oxygen/hemoglobin saturation level the LOWEST?
A. Ductus venosus
B. Brachiocephalic artery
C. Ductus arteriosus
D. Umbilical arteries
E. Umbilical vein
Ductus arteriosus!
- A surgical procedure is performed in a patient with myasthenia gravis to remove a thymoma, a tumor of the thymus gland. Which of the following structures that must be avoided during the surgery is directly posterior to the thymoma in the superior mediastinum?
A. Arch of the aorta
B. Esophagus
C. Trachea
D. Left brachiocephalic vein
E. Left common carotid artery
D. Left brachiocephalic vein
