Interval 2 Flashcards
spleen
A visceral organ that is brownish and located dorso-laterally to the stomach. It acts primarily as a blood filter by removing old erythrocytes and by reserving blood and recycling iron. IT also plays an important role in the immune system.
liver
A visceral organ that serves a wide range or functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.
gallbladder
A small organ where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is located just inferior to the liver.
pancreas
A visceral, glandular organ of the digestive and endocrine systems that produces several important enzymes. It is located medially to the duodenum and inferior to the stomach.
duodenum
The first small section of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jenunum.
jejunum
The middle section of the small intestine.
ileum
The final section of the small intestine.
cecum
A pouch, usually peritoneal, that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It receives fecal matter from the ileum.
appendix (vermiform appendix)
A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum that is probably a vestigal structure.
falciform ligament (think Latin “falx”, for sickle-shaped)
This attaches the hilum of the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a derivative of ventral mesentery.
ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament
A degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of hte liver. It divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections.
greater omentum
A large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, extending from the greater curve of the stomach.
lesser omentum
A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach at the start of the duodenum.
medial umbilical ligament
A paired ligament found on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall covered by the medial umbiical folds. it is immediately deep to the rectus abdominus and lateral to the median umbilical ligament (urachus).
median umbilical ligament
A shrivelled piece of remnant embryonic urachus that extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus on the deep surace of the anterior abdominal wall. It is covered by median umbilical fold.
epiploic (omental) foramen (of Winslow)
The passage of communication (i.e. “foramen”) between the greater sac and the lesser sac of the abdomen. It is posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament of the lesser omentum.
Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments
These connect the medial side of the liver to the superficial duodenum and the lesser curvature of the stomach, respectively.
omental bursa
The “lesser sac” of the abdomen formed by the lesser and greater omentum.
anterior intercostal nerves
?
phrenic nerves
The nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart, lateral to the sternum, and innervates the diaphragm
vagus nerve
AKA cranial nerve X, it leaves the medulla and extends through the jugular foramen, passing through the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, down into the nead, neck, chest, and abdomen. It contributes to the innervation of the viscera and conveys sensory information about the state of the body’s organs to the CNS. 80-90% of the nerve fibers are afferent (sensory).
internal thoracic artery and vein
The (paired) artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and breasts
anterior intercostal arteries and veins
The blood vessels that supply and drain the anterior intercostal spaces
brachiocephalic veins
The veins in the upper chest formed by the branching of the superior vena cava into the internal jugular and subclavian veins at the sternoclavicular joint.
superior vena cava
A large diameter vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart’s right atrium. It is located in the anterior right superiormediastinum.
arch of the azygos vein
An important anatomic landmark where this vein bends over the right main bronchus posteriorly at the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava.
What is the mneumonic for the orientation of arteries and bronchi in the right and left lungs?
RALS AB (Orientation of the artery to the bronchus: right side anterior, left side superior)
hilus
An indentation in the surface of an organ where blood vessels, ducts, nerve fibers, etc. enter or leave.
lobar bronchus
A secondary bronchus that serves a specific lobe of the lung.
cardiac notch
The indentation in the right lung along the fifth and sixth intercostal space.
What are the four areas of parietal pleura?
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal.
transverse thoracis muscle
This muscle lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles.
It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs.
Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs.
A visceral organ that is brownish and located dorso-laterally to the stomach. It acts primarily as a blood filter by removing old erythrocytes and by reserving blood and recycling iron. IT also plays an important role in the immune system.
spleen
A visceral organ that serves a wide range or functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.
liver
A small organ where bile is stored before being released into the small intestine. It is located just inferior to the liver.
gallbladder
A visceral, glandular organ of the digestive and endocrine systems that produces several important enzymes. It is located medially to the duodenum and inferior to the stomach.
pancreas
The first small section of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jenunum.
duodenum
The middle section of the small intestine.
jejunum
The final section of the small intestine.
ileum
A pouch, usually peritoneal, that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It receives fecal matter from the ileum.
cecum
A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum that is probably a vestigal structure.
appendix (vermiform appendix)
This attaches the hilum of the liver to the anterior body wall. It is a derivative of ventral mesentery.
falciform ligament (think Latin “falx”, for sickle-shaped)
A degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of hte liver. It divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections.
ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament
A large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, extending from the greater curve of the stomach.
greater omentum
A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach at the start of the duodenum.
lesser omentum
A paired ligament found on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall covered by the medial umbiical folds. it is immediately deep to the rectus abdominus and lateral to the median umbilical ligament (urachus).
medial umbilical ligament
A shrivelled piece of remnant embryonic urachus that extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus on the deep surace of the anterior abdominal wall. It is covered by median umbilical fold.
median umbilical ligament
The passage of communication (i.e. “foramen”) between the greater sac and the lesser sac of the abdomen. It is posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament of the lesser omentum.
epiploic (omental) foramen (of Winslow)
These connect the medial side of the liver to the superficial duodenum and the lesser curvature of the stomach, respectively.
Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments
The “lesser sac” of the abdomen formed by the lesser and greater omentum.
omental bursa
?
anterior intercostal nerves
The nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart, lateral to the sternum, and innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerves
AKA cranial nerve X, it leaves the medulla and extends through the jugular foramen, passing through the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein, down into the nead, neck, chest, and abdomen. It contributes to the innervation of the viscera and conveys sensory information about the state of the body’s organs to the CNS. 80-90% of the nerve fibers are afferent (sensory).
vagus nerve
The (paired) artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and breasts
internal thoracic artery and vein
The blood vessels that supply and drain the anterior intercostal spaces
anterior intercostal arteries and veins
The veins in the upper chest formed by the branching of the superior vena cava into the internal jugular and subclavian veins at the sternoclavicular joint.
brachiocephalic veins
A large diameter vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart’s right atrium. It is located in the anterior right superiormediastinum.
superior vena cava
An important anatomic landmark where this vein bends over the right main bronchus posteriorly at the root of the right lung to join the superior vena cava.
arch of the azygos vein
An indentation in the surface of an organ where blood vessels, ducts, nerve fibers, etc. enter or leave.
hilus
A secondary bronchus that serves a specific lobe of the lung.
lobar bronchus
The indentation in the right lung along the fifth and sixth intercostal space.
cardiac notch
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic, and mediastinal.
What are the four areas of parietal pleura?
This muscle lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles.
It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs.
Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs.
transverse thoracis muscle
