Interval 3 Flashcards
pectinate muscles
Parallel ridges in the walls of the atria that resemble teeth of a comb
coronary sinus
A collection of veins on the heart muscle that join together to form a large vessel that collects and delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
ostium of the coronary sinus
The opening through which veins of the heart muscle deliver deoxygenated blood to the R atrium. It is on the posterior, inferior surface of the heart, medial (and a bit superior) to the IVC, just medial to the fossa ovalis, and superior to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve.
crista terminalis
“Terminal crest”, it is the origin for the pectinate muscles and represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart in the developing embryo.
fossa ovalis
A depression in the right atrium of the heart that is a remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development. It is on the posterior wall just superior to the IVC and just lateral to the ostium of the coronary sinus.
trabeculae carneae
Rounded, irregular muscular columns that project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles (not in the right atrium!). They connect to papillary muscles, which in turn connect to chordae tendineae.
anterior/great papillary muscle
Muscles located in the ventricles of the heart that attach to the cusps of the AV valves via chordae tendinae. They contract to prevent inversion/prolapse of these valves
chordae tendineae (heart strings)
Cord-like tendons that ocnnect the papillary miscles to the tricuspid and mitral valves
moderator band/septomarginal trabecula
A muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle that carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle to the anterior papillary muscle.
conus arteriosus (aka infundibulum)
A conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.
leaflets of the tricuspid valve
The valve that connects the right atrium to the right ventrical. It’s cusps are the: anterior, septal, posterior cusps.
pulmonary valve and its cusps
The (semilunar) valve that lies between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery w/ three cusps: anterior, right, and left.
pulmonary veins
THe four veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
mitral valve and its leaflets
The bicuspid valve connecting the L atrium and the L ventricle. It’s leaflets are the anteromedial leaflet and the posterolateral leaflet
aortic valve and its cusps
The semilunar valve that connects the left ventricle and the aorta. 99% of population has three cusps
SA (sinuatrial) node (approximate location)
The impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue located on the wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the SVC. It consists of specialized cardiomyocytes.
AV (atrioventricular) node
Part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers and is located in the posteroinferior region of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus.
bundle of His (left and right branches)
A collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmit electrical impulses from the AV node to the apex of the fascicular branches (which lead to the Purkinje fibers)
pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary artery, which carries deox. blood from the R atrium to the lungs. (Cf. bronchial arteries, which supply nutrition to the lungs themselves)
aortic sinuses
A dilation of the ascending aorta that occurs just above the aortic valve.
left coronary artery (LCA)
The “shorter” main cardiac artery that arises from the aorta and feeds blood to the left side of the heart
anterior interventricular/left anterior descending (LAD) branch
Branching off the LCA, this artery passes behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward to reach the anterior interventriculur sulcus.
left circumflex (LCX) branch
Branching off the LCA, this artery curves to the left around the heart within the coronary sulcus, helping form the posterior left ventricular branch or posterolateral artery.
right coronary artery
The artery originating above the right cusp of the aortic valve that travels down the right AV groove towards the crux of the heart. It branches into the posterior descending artery and the right marginal artery.
marginal branch of the right coronary artery
The large cardiac artery that follows the acute margin of the heart and supplies branches to both surfaces of the right ventricle.
posterior interventricular/posterior descending (PDA) branch
The artery running in the posterior interventriculur sulcus to the apex of the heart, where it meets the anterior interventricular artery. It is typically a branch of the RCA (70%, known as right dominance). Alternatively, it can be a branch of the circumflex coronary artery (10%, known as left dominance). Otherwise, it is co-dominant and formed by an anastomosis of the left and right coronary arteries.
great cardiac vein
The vein that begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus and reaches the back of the heart, where it opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus.
middle cardiac vein
The vein that begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, ending in the coronary sinus near its (the sinus’s) right extremity,
anterior cardiac veins
The cardiac veins that collect blood from the front of the right ventricle and open into the right atrium. Unlike most cardiac veins, these do not end in the coronary sinus but instead drain directly into the anterior wall of the right atrium.
oblique pericardial sinus
The cavity posterior to the left atrium, enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the pulmonary trunk.
transverse pericardial sinus
The passage between the aorta and pulmonary artery in the front and the superior vena cava behind.
anterior interventriculur sulcus
The anterior groove separating the ventricles of the heart.
coronary sulcus
the separation between the atria and ventricles of the heart. It contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart.
Parallel ridges in the walls of the atria that resemble teeth of a comb
pectinate muscles
A collection of veins on the heart muscle that join together to form a large vessel that collects and delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
coronary sinus
The opening through which veins of the heart muscle deliver deoxygenated blood to the R atrium. It is on the posterior, inferior surface of the heart, medial (and a bit superior) to the IVC, just medial to the fossa ovalis, and superior to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve.
ostium of the coronary sinus
“Terminal crest”, it is the origin for the pectinate muscles and represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart in the developing embryo.
crista terminalis
A depression in the right atrium of the heart that is a remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development. It is on the posterior wall just superior to the IVC and just lateral to the ostium of the coronary sinus.
fossa ovalis
Rounded, irregular muscular columns that project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles (not in the right atrium!). They connect to papillary muscles, which in turn connect to chordae tendineae.
trabeculae carneae
Muscles located in the ventricles of the heart that attach to the cusps of the AV valves via chordae tendinae. They contract to prevent inversion/prolapse of these valves
anterior/great papillary muscle
Cord-like tendons that ocnnect the papillary miscles to the tricuspid and mitral valves
chordae tendineae (heart strings)
A muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle that carries part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle to the anterior papillary muscle.
moderator band/septomarginal trabecula
A conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.
conus arteriosus (aka infundibulum)
The valve that connects the right atrium to the right ventrical. It’s cusps are the: anterior, septal, posterior cusps.
leaflets of the tricuspid valve
The (semilunar) valve that lies between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery w/ three cusps: anterior, right, and left.
pulmonary valve and its cusps
THe four veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary veins
The bicuspid valve connecting the L atrium and the L ventricle. It’s leaflets are the anteromedial leaflet and the posterolateral leaflet
mitral valve and its leaflets
The semilunar valve that connects the left ventricle and the aorta. 99% of population has three cusps
aortic valve and its cusps
The impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue located on the wall of the right atrium, near the entrance of the SVC. It consists of specialized cardiomyocytes.
SA (sinuatrial) node (approximate location)
Part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers and is located in the posteroinferior region of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus.
AV (atrioventricular) node
A collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmit electrical impulses from the AV node to the apex of the fascicular branches (which lead to the Purkinje fibers)
bundle of His (left and right branches)
The pulmonary artery, which carries deox. blood from the R atrium to the lungs. (Cf. bronchial arteries, which supply nutrition to the lungs themselves)
pulmonary trunk
A dilation of the ascending aorta that occurs just above the aortic valve.
aortic sinuses
The “shorter” main cardiac artery that arises from the aorta and feeds blood to the left side of the heart
left coronary artery (LCA)
Branching off the LCA, this artery passes behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward to reach the anterior interventriculur sulcus.
anterior interventricular/left anterior descending (LAD) branch
Branching off the LCA, this artery curves to the left around the heart within the coronary sulcus, helping form the posterior left ventricular branch or posterolateral artery.
left circumflex (LCX) branch
The artery originating above the right cusp of the aortic valve that travels down the right AV groove towards the crux of the heart. It branches into the posterior descending artery and the right marginal artery.
right coronary artery
The large cardiac artery that follows the acute margin of the heart and supplies branches to both surfaces of the right ventricle.
marginal branch of the right coronary artery
The artery running in the posterior interventriculur sulcus to the apex of the heart, where it meets the anterior interventricular artery. It is typically a branch of the RCA (70%, known as right dominance). Alternatively, it can be a branch of the circumflex coronary artery (10%, known as left dominance). Otherwise, it is co-dominant and formed by an anastomosis of the left and right coronary arteries.
posterior interventricular/posterior descending (PDA) branch
The vein that begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus and reaches the back of the heart, where it opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus.
great cardiac vein
The vein that begins at the apex of the heart and ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, ending in the coronary sinus near its (the sinus’s) right extremity,
middle cardiac vein
The cardiac veins that collect blood from the front of the right ventricle and open into the right atrium. Unlike most cardiac veins, these do not end in the coronary sinus but instead drain directly into the anterior wall of the right atrium.
anterior cardiac veins
The cavity posterior to the left atrium, enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the pulmonary trunk.
oblique pericardial sinus
The passage between the aorta and pulmonary artery in the front and the superior vena cava behind.
transverse pericardial sinus
The anterior groove separating the ventricles of the heart.
anterior interventriculur sulcus
the separation between the atria and ventricles of the heart. It contains the trunks of the nutrient vessels of the heart.
coronary sulcus
cystic duct
The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct
(common) hepatic duct
The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.
common bile duct
The common bile duct (ductus choledochus) is a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder).
hepatoduodenal papilla (of Vater)
formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla.
The ampulla of Vater is an important landmark, halfway along the second part of the duodenum, that marks the anatomical transition from foregut to midgut
lobes of the liver
If the liver is flipped over, to look at it from below (the visceral surface), there are two additional lobes between the right and left. These are the caudate lobe (the more superior) and the quadrate lobe (the more inferior).
ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament
a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. Anatomically, the round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections.
The round ligament represents the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.
ligamentum venosum
the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver). It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis).
coronary ligament
parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
triangular ligaments
folds of some considerable size that connect the posterior part of the upper surface of the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm
bare area of the liver
a large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering.
appendices epiploicae
small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon and upper part of the rectum.
They are chiefly appended to the transverse and sigmoid parts of the colon, however, their function is unknown.
haustra
the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.
taenia coli
longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.
two “corners” or turns of the colon
right colic/hepatic flexure and left colic/splenic flexure
ileocecal junction
a papillose structure with physiological sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine,
mesentery
the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen.
arrangement and name of the three main diaphragmatic hiati
Ligament of Treitz
the suspensory ligament of duodenum, it connects the duodenum to the diaphragm.
hilum or hilus
The part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter
pylorus (and it’s two parts)
the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestines). It is divided into two parts:
the pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach, and the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum.
The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct
cystic duct
The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.
(common) hepatic duct
The common bile duct (ductus choledochus) is a tube-like anatomic structure in the human gastrointestinal tract. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder).
common bile duct
formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla.
The ampulla of Vater is an important landmark, halfway along the second part of the duodenum, that marks the anatomical transition from foregut to midgut
hepatoduodenal papilla (of Vater)
If the liver is flipped over, to look at it from below (the visceral surface), there are two additional lobes between the right and left. These are the caudate lobe (the more superior) and the quadrate lobe (the more inferior).
lobes of the liver
a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. Anatomically, the round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections.
The round ligament represents the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.
ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament
the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver). It may be continuous with the round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres hepatis).
ligamentum venosum
parts of the peritoneal reflections that hold the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm.
coronary ligament
folds of some considerable size that connect the posterior part of the upper surface of the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm
triangular ligaments
a large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering.
bare area of the liver
small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon and upper part of the rectum.
They are chiefly appended to the transverse and sigmoid parts of the colon, however, their function is unknown.
appendices epiploicae
the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.
haustra
longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.
taenia coli
right colic/hepatic flexure and left colic/splenic flexure
two “corners” or turns of the colon
a papillose structure with physiological sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine,
ileocecal junction
the double layer of peritoneum that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen.
mesentery
the suspensory ligament of duodenum, it connects the duodenum to the diaphragm.
Ligament of Treitz
The part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter
hilum or hilus
lesser omentum
the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum
