Review Q's, set 1

Question 1

Where would you expect to find B cells in a lymph node? Where would you find T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages?

Answer 1

B cells in lymph node: Follicle of cortex.
T cells: Paracortex of lymph node, PALS within white pulp of spleen, immature T cells in cortex of thymus, mature T cells in medulla of thymus
Plasma cells: Medullary cords of lymph node
Macrophages: Medullary sinus of lymph node

Question 2

The protein derived from what gene serves as a transcription factor for the development and function of regulatory T cells?

Answer 2

Foxp3

On x chromosome
Codes for Forkhead Box Protein P3
Important for self-tolerance
Abscence has been implicated in autoimmune diseases

Question 3

What is the female homologue to each of the following male structures?
1 Corpus spongiosum
2 Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands)
3 Prostate
4 Glans penis
5 Ventral penile shaft
6 Scrotum

Answer 3

1 Vestibular bulbs
2 Greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin)
3 Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)
4 Glans clitoris
5 Labia minora
6 Labia majora

Question 4

What important intracellular proteins are common to both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways?

Answer 4

Cytosolic caspases

Question 5

What ratio indicates fetal lung maturity? What is the proper name for the main component of pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 5

Fetal lung maturity measured in amniotic fluid:
Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio > 2.0

Proper name of pulmonary surfactant: Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 6

What amino acids are necessary for purine synthesis?

Answer 6

Glycine
Aspartate
Glutamine

Question 7

You start a patient on a drug that has been on the market for five years. It has excellent efficacy. However, your patient begins to have an annoying side effect one month after initiation of this drug. She contacts the manufacturer about it; and they, in turn, contact you to gather data on her course while on the drug. In what phase of the clinical trial would this example fall?

Answer 7

Phase IV

Question 8

What nutrient deficiency is associated with spooning of the nails (koilonychia)?

Answer 8

Iron deficiency

Question 9

What is the equation for determining a drug’s clearance?

Answer 9

CL = rate of elimination of drug/ plasma drug concentration = Vd x Ke (elimination constant) BUT remember this:

Clearance (CL) = 0.7 x Vd / t 1/2

Vd = Volume of distribution

Question 10

Which bacteria are well known for being obligate intracellular bacteria? Why can’t these bacteria replicate extracellularly?

Answer 10

Rickettsia, Chlamydia. Can’t make own ATP.

Stay inside (cells) when it’s Really Cold