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DIT > Primer 2, Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Primer 2, Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What brain structure is responsible for extraocular movements during REM sleep?

A

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

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2
Q

Name 7 teratogens (A-F)

A 
ACE inhibitors
Alkylating agents
Aminoglycosides
Carbamazepine
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Excessive vitamin A
Folate antagonists
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3
Q

Which areas of the hypothalamus regulate the autonomic nervous system?

A

Anterior hypothalamus.

Posterior hypothalamus = SNS

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4
Q 
CNI
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Olfactory
1 Cribriform plate
2 Smell
3 Cribriform plate fracture/Kallmann syndrome
4 Smell something
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5
Q 
CNII
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Optic nerve
1 Optic canal
2 Sight
3 
4 Snellen Eye chart/peripheral vision
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6
Q 
CNIII
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A

Oculomotor nerve
1 Superior orbital fissure
2 PNS to ciliary and sphincter muscles. Innervates medial/superior/inferior recti and inferior oblique
3 Transtentorial/Uncal herniation, diabetes, weber syndrome
4 H in space (follow my finger), pupillary light reflex, convergence

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7
Q 
CNIV
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Trochlear nerve
1 Superior orbital fissure
2 Superior oblique muscle
3 Head trauma
4 Moving the finger
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8
Q 
CNV, first branch
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Trigeminal, opthalmic
1 Superior orbital fissure
2 Sensation from medial nose and forehead
3 Trigeminal neuralgia
4 Facial sensation
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9
Q 
CNV, second branch
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Trigeminal, maxillary
1 Foramen rotundum
2 Sensory from lateral nose, upper lip, superior buccal area
3
4 Facial sensation
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10
Q 
CNV, third branch
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A

Trigeminal, mandibular
1 Foramen ovale
2 Sensory and motor to masseter, motor to Lateral pterygoid/Temporalis/Medial pterygoid. Sensory from lower lip, lateral face, lower border of mandible
3
4 Facial sensation, Open the jaw (lesion will cause jaw to deviate towards lesion due to unopposed force)

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11
Q

Which muscle opens the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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12
Q

Which muscles closes the jaw?

A

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial pterygoid muscles

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13
Q 
CNVI
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Abducens
1 Superior orbital fissure
2  Lateral rectus muscle
3 Medial inferior pontine syndrome. Symptoms: Contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral tactile and vibration sensation.
4 H in space
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14
Q 
CNVII
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A

Facial nerve
1 Internal acoustic meatus
2 PNS to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue
3 Bell’s palsy
4 Wrinkle forehead, show teeth, puff out cheeks, close eyes tightly, Say mememe (lip function)

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15
Q

Number and name of branches of facial nerve?

A 
Five. "To Zanzibar By Motor Car"
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervial
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16
Q

What does the facial nerve pass through?

A

Parotid gland

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17
Q 
CNVIII
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Vestibulocochlear
1 Internal acoustic meatus
2 Equilibrium and hearing
3 Acoustic schwanoma, Vertigo, Nystagmus, Nausea, Vomiting
4 Hearing and nystagmus
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18
Q 
CNIX
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Glossopharyngeal
1 Jugular foramen
2 PNS to parotid gland, Stylopharyngeus,
Sensory from pharynx, middle ear, auditory tube, carotid body and sinus, external ear, posterior 1/3 of tongue (including taste)
3 PICA infarct
4 Gag reflex
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19
Q 
CNX
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A

Vagus
1 Jugular foramen
2 PNS body viscera, laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles
Sensory from trachea, oesophagus, viscera, external ear and epiglottis
3 Thyroidectomy, PICA infarct
4 Elevating palate (say AAA or k k k)
Uvula deviates away from lesion. Weak side will collapse

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20
Q 
CNXI
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Spinal accessory
1 Jugular foramen
2 Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles
3 PICA infarct
4 Turning head, shrugging shoulders
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21
Q 
CNXII
1 Site of exit from the skull
2 Function
3 Lesions
4 How to test function
A 
Hypoglossal
1 Hypoglossal canal
2 Intrinsic tongue muscles 
3 Anterior spinal artery infarct
4 Tongue protrusion, say lalala(deviates toward lesion ("lick your wounds"))
22
Q

Corneal reflex testes what?

A

V1, nasociliary branch (sensory) and temporal branch of facial nerve (motor, orbicularis oculi)

23
Q

Lacrimation reflex, afferent, efferent?

A

Afferent= V1, Efferent= Facial nerve

24
Q

Jaw jerk reflex?

A

V3 (afferent= muscle spindel from masseter. Efferent= masseter). No reflex = normal

25
Q

Pupillary reflex?

A 
Afferent = Optic
Efferent= Oculomotor
26
Q

Gag reflex?

A 
Afferent = IX
Efferent = X
27
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei in the midbrain?

A

III

IV

28
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei in the pons?

A

V
VI
VII
VIII

29
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei in the medulla?

A

IX
X
XII

30
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei in the spinal cord?

A

XI

31
Q

Name and number the cranial nerves

A 
I-Olfactory
II-Optic
III-Oculomotor
IV-Trochlear
V-Trigeminal
VI-Abducens
VII-Facial
VIII-Vestibulocochlear
IX-Glossopharyngeal
X-Vagus
XI-Accessory
XII-Hypoglossal
32
Q

Function of pineal gland?

A

Melatonin secretion

Circadian rhythms

33
Q

Function of superior colliculi?

A

Conjugate vertical gaze

34
Q

Function of Inferior colliculi?

A

Auditory. Information is sent to primary auditory cortex.

35
Q

Perinaud syndrome?

A

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi?

36
Q

Superior rectus muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

III
Look upward
Deviation downwards

37
Q

Medial rectus muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

III
ADduction of eye
ABduction of eye

38
Q

Lateral rectus muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

VI
ABduction of eye
ADduction of eye

39
Q

Inferior rectus muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

III
Look downward
Deviation upward

40
Q

Superior oblique muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

IV
Down and lateral gaze
Medial and superior gaze

41
Q

Inferior oblique muscle
Innervation
Function
Lesion results in

A

III
Upward and lateral gaze also extorts eye.
Deviation medially

42
Q

Which nerves go through the cavernous sinus?

A 
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducent
Opthalmic division
Maxillary division
43
Q

Where does the danger triangle drain to?

A

Cavernous sinouses

44
Q

Non-nerve structures in the cavernous sinuses?

A

Internal carotid artery
Pituitary gland
Optic chiasm
Sphenoidal sinuses

45
Q

Reticular activating system contains?

A 
Reticular formation
Mesencephalic nucleus
Thalamic intralaminar nucleus
Dorsal hypothalamus
Tegmentum
46
Q

Name the vagal nuclei

A

Nucleus Solitarius
Nucleus ambiguus
Dorsal motor nucleus

47
Q

Nucleus Solitarius

A

Visceral sensory information
Taste
Baroreceptors
Gut distention

48
Q

Nucleus Ambiguus

A

Motor innervation of
Pharynx
Larynx
Upper esophagus

49
Q

Dorsal Motor Nucleus

A

Sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to
Heart
Lungs
Upper GI tract

50
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Sympathectomy of face:
Ptosis (drooping of eyelid, sup. tarsal muscle)
Anhidrosis (absence of sweating) and rubor of affected side of face
Miosis (pupil constriction)

Associated with lesion of spinal cord above T1 (e.g. Pancoast tumpr, Brown-Séquard syndrome (cord hemisection). late-stage syringomyelia))

51
Q

Name 6 teratogens (L-W)

A 
Lithium
Phenytoin
Tetracyclines
Thalidomide
Valproate
Warfarin

DIT (11 decks)

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